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As a result of the official report on democracy (Demokratiutredningen), the Swedish government decided in 2002 to prescribe by law the right of initiation for common citizens in city councils (medborgerlig förslagsrätt). All citizens are therefore now entitled to submit a proposal which then will be dealt with by the city council as a motion. In this paper the handling of the citizen proposal is s
The C99 standard for the C programming language introduced the new type qualifier restrict which acts as a hint for the compiler and the programmer that the specified pointer is not aliased by any other pointer if the pointed object can be modified. By using restrict on pointers the compiler may, if implemented and allowed, optimize code even further. This thesis investigates how well the C compil
The aim of this study was to examine and understand treatment counselors´ working methods and strategies in relation to empty labor. The study has also focused on examining how the attitude is expressed, partly from colleagues and partly from superiors. With an ethnographic approach, the phenomenon empty labor, i.e., when someone spends time on activities that are not considered as working tasks,
Antalet rättsfall gällande oönskad publicering och spridning av andra människors privata material på Internet har ökat betydligt de senaste åren, med de s.k. Instagramupploppen 2012 som en sorts uppmärksamhetskulmen. Inget svenskt samlingsnamn som passar i alla dylika sammanhang har uppkommit och även om specifika detaljer skiljer sig åt från fall till fall, förefaller ärekränkningar förekomma somThe legal cases concerning unwanted online publishing of private material have experienced a significant rise in the last few years peaking around 2012 in Sweden, with initial assiduities around the issue being brought about by the “Instagram riots”. Up to this day, there is yet to be a collective term to entirely encompass these cases, and although the specific details differ between each case, t
The aim of this thesis is to examine if fiction books can be used as a support for young adults in families where one of the parents suffer from mental illness. I have used a qualitative method and have made a content analysis on five fiction books for young adults. The fiction books were found on a list of book recommendations published on Psykiatri Skåne’s webpage dedicated for relatives of peop
Exploration of the role of penicillin-binding protein 4b in Bacillus subtilis The Gram positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis produces endospores which enable the bacterium to survive under extreme conditions, e.g. desiccation and extreme temperature. The cortex layer of the endospore is essential for heat resistance. It consists of modified peptidoglycan (PG), which is similar to PG in the cell w
The aim of this paper is to examine the representations of gays and lesbians found in the Congressional debate on the federal marriage policy between 1996 and 2013. This study explores the reasons same-sex marriage has promulgated from the chambers of legislation all the way up to the federal judiciary. The challenges brought forth to the federal policy on marriage are at the center of this resear
Social services work with violent fathers The objective of this study was to review and analyze how social workers, employed by the Swedish social services, work with fathers that are domestically violent and to discuss their views and perceptions on this issue. Domestic violence is traditionally considered a private matter, and in the past has largely not been considered a child protection issue
Problem definition: The production, sale and consumption of ready to eat-vegetables and salads have increased at a frantic pace over the last decade and this trend shows signs of continuing. This very much depends on that ready to eat-salads are minimally processed and contain no artificial additives. They also retain a large amount of their nutrients after harvest and do not require any preparat
Att världen idag kan te sig ganska liten är inget att ta miste på. Det är betydligt lättare och kostar mindre att resa i förhållande till förr, vilket har bidragit till att många av oss i mycket större omfattning reser på semester eller i arbetet, och då stöter på - för oss - främmande och ibland komplicerade problem. Huvudregeln enligt svensk rätt är att bevis skall upptas vid förhandling, enliToday the world does not seem as large as we probably once thought. Many years ago traveling was difficult and quite expensive. Today it’s completely the opposite. All this convenience we experience has some consequences. During our travels and business endeavours with different parts of the world it is not surprising that we encounter problems. Since these problems are unfamiliar to us the proble
The purpose of this study is to understand how green therapy in social work can be used as a resource to enhance the participant's sense of coherence in terms of meaningfulness, comprehensibility and manageability. Green therapy, a generic term we use in the study, is based on theories of nature's stress-reducing and restorative effect on humans. The study was conducted through qualitative
I den svenska rättsordningen anses djur vara lös egendom. Detta innebär att de kan säljas, bytas, överges och till och med dödas, allt enligt ägarens vilja. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda vad denna status får för effekter samt om det rättsliga skydd djur har i övrigt är tillräckligt. En följd av att djur räknas som lös egendom är att brott mot djur kan rubriceras som skadegörelse. VidareIn the Swedish legal system animals are considered property. This leads to them being able to be sold, traded, abandoned and even killed, all according to the wishes of the owner. The purpose of this essay is investigating what the effects of this status are, as well as investigating whether the legal protection animals have through Swedish law in other aspects is sufficient. One effect of the f
Solidariskt ansvar har under lång tid tillämpats i Svensk lag i fall då flera personer ska svara för ett skadestånd. Det solidariska ansvaret innebär att en skadelidande kan kräva ut hela skadeståndet från endera skadevållaren. För att detta inte ska leda till orimliga slutsatser finns det dock tillfällen vid jämkade skadestånd då det solidariska skadeståndet ej används. I vilka jämkningsfall ett Joint and several liability has been used in Sweden for a long time when several people are held responsible for damages. Joint and several liability entails that a creditor can demand full compensation from any of the defendants. In order for this rule not to result in absurd consequences, there is an exception where mitigation of damages can lead to several liability instead. However, to what ex
Our understanding of the society and the world around us is partly communicated to us through the newsmedia. The language used, both written, oral and images, affects the way that we talk about, understand and act upon certain events. In a newsbroadcast there are several interpretations and representations, all communicated in various forms of language, and this language will in turn be the basis
Self-recognition is an advanced cognitive ability that is traditionally investigated by the mirror mark test. However, it has been argued that this test might not be a reliable measure of self-recognition ability, as it may be affected by the mirror understanding of the species. The great tit (Parus major) is one of the many avian species that did not succeed in this test. However, it has never be
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur våldtäktsbrottet har förändrats i lagstiftningen under de senaste 100 åren. Jag börjar med att beskriva gällande rätt i 1864 års strafflag, och går sedan igenom de reformer som gjorts av våldtäktsbrottet i brottsbalken fram till vad som stadgas idag i den så kallade samtyckeslagen. Jag beskriver hur lagstiftaren har motiverat sina reformer av brottet o
Med anledning av nya motivuttalanden och en ny rekommendation om god sed från Kollegiet för svensk bolagsstyrning angående likabehandling av aktieägare vid riktade emissioner utreder uppsatsen om rättsläget har blivit tillräckligt klarlagt och minoritetsaktieägarnas behov av skydd tillgodosett. Likabehandling av aktieägare anses ligga i bolagsformens grundidé om att öka aktieägarnas investerade kaThis paper investigates whether the field of law regarding equal treatment of shareholders, when targeting issues, is sufficiently clear. It also adresses if the need of minor shareholders’ protection since the recent preparatory work and the recommendation by Kollegiet for swedish corporate finance. Equal treatment of shareholders is a basic concept of the limited company. This concept is to inc
Pure factory-made protein? Chlorophyll does not only make plants green, but is also a vital part of the plant. It allows the usage of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll production has 20 steps, some more studied and some less. An important but yet not biochemically classified protein in the production of chlorophyll is Xantha-L. The protein forms one of the rings in the structure of chlorophyll and
Reglerna kring husrannsakan har sett i stort sett likadana ut sen tidigt 1900-tal. Vissa menar att detta gör att regelverket är hopplöst utdaterat och inte klarar av att möta nya problem som utvecklingen för med sig. Från vissa politiska håll har uttryckts vilja om att utvidga möjligheterna att företa husrannsakan. Denna uppsats undersöker de konstitutionella förutsättningarna för att införa regelThe legislation surrounding searches of locations have remained roughly the same since the early 20th century. Some say this makes the code desperately outdated and unable to face new problems arising. Some political actors have expressed a wish to extend the possibilities of conducting searches. This article examines the constitutional conditions, in view of the protected right to privacy, for le
Inkomster i inkomstslaget kapital kan erhållas i form av löpande avkastning samt i form av kapitalvinst vid avyttring av tillgångar. Det är endast privatpersoner som beskattas i inkomstslaget kapital med en skatt på 30 procent. Juridiska personer skall redovisa sina kapitalinkomster i inkomstslaget näringsverksamhet. Vissa av beskattningsreglerna i inkomstslaget kapital skall dock tillämpas för juIncomes can be obtained in form of current income and in form of capital gains on disposal of assets, in the income category capital. It´s only natural persons who are taxed in the income category capital with a tax rate of 30 percent. Juridical person shall report their capital income in the income category business tax. When juridical persons are calculating the taxable capital income they shoul
