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Popular Abstract in Swedish Vårt mål var att förstå och fördjupa kunskapen om de mekanismer som kontrollerar värme- och masstransport vid stekning av djupfrysta hamburgare. Avhandlingen redovisar bl. a. hur olika faktorer som val av köttråvara, sönderdelningen av köttet, diametern på hamburgaren och tillagningstemperatur bestämmer värme- och massöverföring i hamburgaren under tillagning. TemperatuThe aim of the present work was to gain better understanding of the mechanisms controlling heat and mass transfer during thermal processing of beefburgers. The effects of different factors such as the chemical composition and comminution of the meat raw material, the pan temperature and the meat patty diameter on the characteristics of heat and mass transfer were studied. The evolution of the char

Popular Abstract in Swedish Graden av genetisk variation inom och mellan olika populationer bestäms av balansen mellan tre faktorer: naturligt urval, slumpmässig genetisk drift och genflöde. Genom studier av genetisk variation är det möjligt att dra slutsatser om t ex selektionstryck på olika alleler (genvarianter), arters spridningsvägar till nya platser, tid sedan etablering och graden av släktsIn this thesis I present studies concerning genomic diversity and genetic heterogeneity as well as the evolution and maintenance of genetic variation at a specific immune defence gene in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). I here present data on nucleotide diversity showing that human activities as well as different post-glacial colonisation events have had considerable effects on the genomic diver

We offer an analysis of perceptual intersubjectivity (PI) in terms of two types (symmetric and asymmetric) and three levels: synchronous (SPI), coordinated (CPI) and reciprocal (RPI), defined on the basis of the observable behavior of the participants in a study of (non-verbal) social interaction. We hypothesize that the three levels constitute stages in the development and possibly evolution of h

On the request of Dr Daniel Hellström (Stockholm Water AB), IEA was asked to perform a preliminary investigation of two alternatives for anaerobic digestion operation at Henriksdal’s WWTP in Stockholm, Sweden. The system should be analysed based on parallel or series operation of two existing AD reactors. Moreover, the input load should be based on the current situation and a future scenario (esti

This study investigated cold weather safety footwear and the possible thermal effects of steel toe caps in footwear. Two boot models were manufactured and used in two variants - with (As and Ws) and without (An and Wn) steel toe cap. The boot insulation was measured with an artificial, heated foot (AHF). Experiments with 6 male subjects with boots Ws and Wn consisted of sitting for 60 minutes at -