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Orphan drugs designed to treat rare diseases are often overpriced per patient. Novel treatments are sometimes even more expensive for patients with ultra-rare diseases, in part due to the limited number of patients. Pharmaceutical companies that develop a patented life-saving drug are in a position to charge a very high price, which, at best, may enable these companies to further develop drugs for
Diversity in lifestyles and socioeconomic status among European populations, and recent socio-political and economic changes in transitional countries, may affect changes in adiposity. We aimed to determine whether change in the prevalence of obesity varies between the socio-politically transitional North-East European (Łódź, Poland; Szeged, Hungary; Tartu, Estonia), and the non-transitional Medit
Bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA) forms cytotoxic complexes with oleic acid (OA) that perturbs tumor cell membranes, but molecular determinants of these membrane-interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we aim to obtain molecular insights into the interaction of BLA/BLA-OA complex with model membranes. We characterized the folding state of BLA-OA complex using tryptophan fluorescence and resolved res
Moisture penetration around windows and doors is a problem with serious consequences for stud walls and is a common problem regardless of facade systems. The problem has received considerable focus in recent times, as buildings using ETICS (External thermal insulation composite systems) on stud walls have been damaged by penetrating water. In the present paper a robust moisture safe prefabricated
Triple-negative (TN) breast cancers (ER â ' PR â ' HER2 â ') are highly metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Within this subtype, invasive, stroma-rich tumours with infiltration of inflammatory cells are even more aggressive. The effect of myeloid cells on reactive stroma formation in TN breast cancer is largely unknown. Here, we show that primary human monocytes have a survival advantag
Payments are central for society. Historically, it involved two parties exchanging goods and services for money. Today, payments, with increasing frequency, consist of digital representations of money that are transferred through globally intertwined network. Payments involve many parties such as payers, payment services providers, banks, central banks, telecom operators, mobile handset manufactur
Clay brick facades often include bed joint reinforcement, especially over windows and other openings in the façade, which may corrode due to degradation from climatic exposure. Removal of corroded bed joint reinforcement from such facades is an invasive and costly measure. Heavily damaged reinforcement must be removed for either structural, durability or aesthetic reasons. Parts of the bed joint r
This paper presents results from a project dealing with rehabilitation of clay brick facades damaged by reinforcement corrosion. Based on laboratory tests and results from pilot projects, practical recommendations for appropriate removal of bed joint reinforcement and repair of joints are issued for facility owners, contractors and designers.
In the last decade, more than 22 million ha of land have been contracted to large-scale land acquisitions in Africa, leading to increased pressures, competition, and conflicts over freshwater resources. Currently, 3% of contracted land is in production, for which we model site-specific water demands to indicate where freshwater appropriation might pose high socioenvironmental challenges. We use th
Background: Migration from Thailand to Sweden has increased threefold over the last 10 years. Today Thailand is one of the most common countries of origin among immigrants in Sweden. Since the year 2000, new HIV cases are also more prevalent among Thai immigrants compared to other immigrant nationalities in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between knowledge and
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a relatively common cause of morbidity and mortality. It has an annual incidence of around 0.1- 0.3%. It is a multifactorial disease with many known risk factors, both transient and persistent. Among these, several genetic risk factors have been described. The most common genetic risk factor, factor V Leiden mutation in heterozygote form, is found in 5-8% of the Cau
Peatland net ecosystem production is a key variable to assess changes in the functional role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle. Light use efficiency (LUE) models in combination with satellite data have been used to estimate production for most major ecosystems, but peatlands have been largely ignored. The objectives of this study were: 1) to examine how the LUE parameter epsilon, ε (the amou
Recent revisions in the sunspot records illustrate the challenges related to obtaining a 400-year-long observational record of past solar-activity changes. Cosmogenic radionuclides offer the possibility of obtaining an alternative and completely independent record of solar variability. Here, we illustrate that these records offer great potential for quantitative solar-activity reconstructions far
Unveiling the determinants for transferase and hydrolase activity in glycoside hydrolases would allow using their vast diversity for creating novel transglycosylases, thereby unlocking an extensive toolbox for carbohydrate chemists. Three different amino acid substitutions at position 220 of a GH1 β-glucosidase from Thermotoga neapolitana caused an increase of the ratio of transglycosylation to hy
In order to avoid environmental pollution and eliminate the need for using fertiliser, this study assessed for the first time the optimum performance of mature (in operation since 2011) vertical flow constructed wetlands in treating domestic wastewater (with and without hydrocarbon) and the subsequent recycling of the outflow to irrigate chillies (De Cayenne; Capsicum annuum (Linnaeus) Longum Grou
The evaluation of emergency, disaster and crisis management exercises supports both individual and organisational learning, facilitates the development of response capabilities, and helps to determine whether the current level of preparedness is good enough. Nevertheless, despite its importance in the field of disaster risk management, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview of research in the
