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This thesis explores the role of political leadership and ideology in shaping foreign policy, using Brazil under Jair Bolsonaro and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as a comparative case. While Brazil’s structural position in the international system remained relatively stable, the country’s foreign policy orientation shifted significantly between the two administrations. Employing a comparative ideation

The Swedish energy transition presupposes a large-scale expansion of renewable electricity generation, in which wind power constitutes a central component. At the same time, the expansion of wind power exhibits significant local variation. This thesis analyses how physical conditions interact with municipal institutions and long-term policy processes in shaping local wind power policy, with a focu

Both Sweden and Belgium have introduced a liberalised school system, with private schools financed by the public sector. Since this is a relatively uncommon arrangement, our study investigates if public opinions of these systems are now similar in each country. The Belgian system was introduced to guarantee religious freedom in the provision of education, while its Swedish equivalent was promised

EU och dess medlemsstater samarbetar i allt högre utsträckning med tredjeländer för att kontrollera migrationen till Europa. Migrationspolitiska åtgärder genomförs utanför Europas territorium i syfte att begränsa migrationsströmmarna till Europa, något som ofta benämns som externalisering (eng: externalisation). Strategiska samarbeten sluts med ursprungs- och transitländer, där EU och medlemsstateThe EU and its Member States increasingly rely on migration cooperation with non-EU countries to manage migration flows to Europe. This involves implementing immigration policies beyond EU borders, a practice often referred to as externalisation. As part of this practice, the EU and its Member States conclude strategic partnerships with countries of origin and transit and provide financial and ope

In response to the environmental crisis and growing consumer awareness, increasing attention has been directed towards sustainable production models centred on circularity, resource efficiency, and reduced environmental impact. Against this background, practices such as upcycling, which aim to extend product lifespans and reduce waste, have gained increased attention. The European Union has artic

The thesis examines how United Nations child marriage prevention strategies are translated from global policy frameworks into local practice in post-2011 Syria. While global frameworks developed by UNFPA and UNICEF assume the existence of stable legal systems, functioning institutions and predictable social environments, the Syrian conflict has produced conditions that fundamentally alter how prev

I denna uppsats undersöks hur EU-arbetsrättens olika arbetstagarbegrepp definieras, vilken räckvidd de har samt hur dessa begrepp kan komma att utvecklas i framtiden. Arbetstagarbegreppen i både primärrätten och sekundärrätten undersöks. Undersökningen genomförs med den rättsdogmatiska metoden och den EU-rättsliga metoden. Artikel 45 FEUF var den första bestämmelsen med ett arbetstagarbegrepp i This thesis examines how the various concepts of ‘worker’ in EU labour law are defined, what their scopes are, and how these concepts may change in the future. The concepts of ‘worker’ in both primary and secondary law are examined. The examination is carried out using the legal dogmatic method and the EU legal method. Article 45 TFEU was the first regulation in the EU to contain a concept of ‘wo

Outbound foreign direct investments by developing economies has become an important subject in international business. However, much of the research has attempted to model firms entering foreign markets from emerging economies using the same models developed for advanced economies, which limits what can be inferred. This gap suggests that other approaches are needed. One such approach is analyzing

Syftet med uppsatsen är att bedöma användningen av EncroChat bevisning inför svensk rätt utifrån den naturrättsliga filosofen Andrew Dworkins teori om statlig integritet. Enligt Dworkin är det viktigt att stater konsekvent till-lämpar moraliska och rättsliga principer i deras rättssystem, då detta ger sta-ten en intern integritet som stärker tilliten mellan den enskilde och det all-männa. UppsatseThe purpose of the paper is to assess the use of EncroChat evidence before Swedish law based on the natural law philosopher Andrew Dworkin’s theo-ry of state integrity. According to Dworkin, it is important that states con-sistently apply moral and legal in their legal systems, as this gives the states an internal integrity that strengthens trust between the individual and the public. The paper ex

Mervärdesskatten är ett av de mest harmoniserade områdena inom EU-rätten. En central del av mervärdesskattesystemet är rätten till avdrag för ingående mervärdesskatt. Många företag bedriver blandad verksamhet som innebär att en del verksamheten är mervärdesskattepliktig, medan en annan del inte är det. Fastighetsägare och bostadsrättsföreningar kan bedriva frivilligt beskattad uthyrning av lokalerValue Added Tax (VAT) is one of the most harmonized areas of EU law. A central element of the VAT system is the right to deduct input VAT. Mixed economic businesses include both VAT liable and VAT exempt activities. Landlords can have voluntary taxation of rental properties alongside permanent residences which are exempt from VAT. In such businesses, costs are often shared between the different ac

Denna uppsats analyserar om den svenska regleringen av valfrihetssystem inom äldreomsorgen är förenlig med proportionalitetsprincipen i förvaltnings-rätten. Syftet är att bedöma balansen mellan äldres rätt till valmöjligheter och statens skyldighet att säkerställa en likvärdig standard för brukare och om-sorgspersonal. Analysen visar att valfrihetssystemet introducerar betydande rättsliga spän-ninThis thesis examines whether the Swedish regulation of choice systems in elderly care is compatible with the proportionality principle in administrative law. The purpose is to assess the balance between elderly persons' right to freedom of choice and the state's obligation to ensure equal standards. The analysis demonstrates that the choice system introduces significant legal tensions betw

Förtal har, mot bakgrund av #metoo-rörelsens framväxt, fått ökad samhällelig uppmärksamhet. Främst kvinnor har blivit dömda för förtal i samband med offentliga uttalanden om upplevelser av sexuella övergrepp, där dem pekat ut en viss man som deras förövare. Offentliga uttalanden om en annans brotts-lighet eller förkastlighet, trots dess sanning, är kriminaliserat i Sverige. San-ningsbevisning tillDefamation has, in the context of the #metoo movement, received increased social attention. Mainly women, have been convicted of defamation in relation to public statements about experiences of sexual assault, in which they have identified a certain man as their perpetrator. Public statements about another´s criminality or reprehensibility, despite its truth, are criminalized in Sweden. Truth evid

Denna uppsats behandlar distinktionen mellan vedergällnings - respektive preventionsmotiv i svensk straffrätt utifrån ett rättshistoriskt perspektiv. Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera dessa fundamentala straffrättsliga idéer och undersöka hur balansen mellan dem har förändrats över tid. Vidare undersöks hur detta har ådagalagts i lagstiftarens argumentation. Studien har ett primärt fokus på tre This thesis inquires to examine the relationship between retributive and preventive motives in Swedish criminal law, from a legal-historical point of view. The aspiration is to analyse the harmony between the two fundamental philosophies and how they have changed throughout history. Furthermore, the aim is to explicate how the development is mirrored in regard to legislative reasoning. The main fo

In 2024 the European Declaration of Cycling was signed as a tri-institutional declaration by the European Commission, Council of the European Union and the European Parliament. For the first time, cycling was acknowledged as a fully fledged mode of transport in a EU-level framework and through it, cycling now sits officially on the agenda of the EU. Yet this level of political attention was for ma

Denna uppsats undersöker hur leverantörers användning av artificiell intelligens (AI) i offentlig upphandling påverkar upphandlande myndigheters möjlighet att efterleva principerna om likabehandling och transparens enligt lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU). Genom en rättsdogmatisk metod med explorativa inslag analyseras gällande lagstiftning, praxis och vägledning för att identifiera de rättsligThis thesis examines how suppliers' use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public procurement affects contracting authorities' ability to comply with the principles of equal treatment and transparency under the Swedish Public Procurement Act (LOU). Through a legal dogmatic method with explorative elements, the study analyzes existing legislation, case law, and guidance to identify legal ch

This analytical essay critically examines how social sustainability is constructed within Lund’s municipality district development program for Norra Fäladen. The existing research widely acknowledges that sustainable development and social sustainability are characterized by conceptual ambiguity and a lack of consensus regarding definition and measurement. Despite this, they are leading concepts f

Denna uppsats analyserar hur synen på straffets ändamål kommer till ut- tryck i Straffreformutredningen (SOU 2025:66 En straffreform). Syftet är att undersöka vilka straffteoretiska principer som får störst genomslag i utred- ningen och dess tillhörande direktiv, samt vad denna riktning reflekterar för grundläggande föreställningar om straffets funktion. Särskilt fokus ligger på hur straff, i synnThis thesis analyses how the purpose of punishment is articulated in ”Straff- reformutredningen”(the report for the proposed criminal law reform in Swe- den, SOU 2025:66). The aim is to examine which penal theories gain the greatest influence in the report and what this direction reflects in terms of underlying conceptions of the purpose of punishment. Particular attention is paid to how punishmen

This study examines the Swedish church election and why the electoral participation is low while the Swedish parliamentary election has one of the best electoral participation in the world. The study was conducted partly through a statistical analysis based on data from the national SOM-survey and partly through interviews with five young individuals, two of whom had voted and three who had not. T

I denna uppsats undersöks uppfinningshöjdskriteriet inom svensk patenträtt. De centrala frågorna som behandlas i uppsatsen är vad detta kriterium innebär och hur det har tillämpats av svenska domstolar, hur EPO:s och UPC:s uppfinningshöjdsbedömningar skiljer sig åt, samt vilken betydelse UPC:s metod för att fastställa uppfinningshöjd kan få för svensk rättstillämpning framöver. Dessa frågor besvarThis thesis examines the inventive step criterion in Swedish patent law. The main issues addressed are what this criterion entails and how it has been applied by Swedish courts, how the inventive step assessments of the EPO and UPC differ, and what significance the UPC’s method for determining inventive step may have for Swedish legal practice in the future. These questions are explored through an

Denna uppsats behandlar företeelsen inseminationsbedrägeri, vilket innebär att en läkare vid en assisterad befruktning använder annat reproduktionsmaterial än det patienten samtyckt till. Ett exempel kan vara genom att använda sina egna spermier. Företeelsen har uppmärksammats internationells genom ett antal uppmärksammade fall, men har inte uppmärksammats i svensk forsk-ning eller lagstiftning. MThis thesis examines the phenomenon of insemination fraud, which occurs when a physician uses reproductive material other than that to which the pa-tient has consented during assessed reproduction, for example by using the physician’s own sperm. While the phenomenon has been discussed in interna-tional context, particularly in the United States, it lacks explicit criminal regu-lation in Swedish la