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Background: Nonmedical prescription drug use (NMPDU) refers to the self-treatment of a medical condition using medication without a prescriber's authorization as well as use to achieve euphoric states. This article reports data from a cross-national investigation of NMPDU in five European Countries, with the aim to understand the prevalence and characteristics of those engaging in NMPDU across the
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are central for the adaptive immune response against parasites. Here, we investigated potential associations among MHC-I alleles and blood parasite infections in a natural breeding population of a passerine bird, the blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, in central Spain. We screened both infection status (presence/absence of infection) and infection intensity
The fouling structure and composition is dependent on the product, but also on the heating process applied to it. The structure will have profound effect on the cleaning process and the down time in the production plant. Here, the structure of high temperature (137 °C) milk fouling has been investigated, which so far has not been sufficiently studied in a systematic way. This particular fouling ha
Eleven compounds, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (1), persicogenin (2), eriodictyol 3ʹ4ʹ,7-trimethyl ether (3), phytol (4), spathulenol (5), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (6), onopordin (7), 5,8,4ʹ-trihydroxy-7,3ʹ-dimethoxyflavone (8), quercetin (9), jaceosidin (10), and 8-hydroxyluteolin (11), were isolated from an ethanol extract of Lantana balansae Briq., Verbenaceae, that was found to possess antileishmani
Malaria parasites can have strong effects on the population dynamics and evolution of migratory bird species. In many species, parasite transmission occurs on the wintering grounds, but studies to determine the consequences of infection have taken place during the breeding season, when malaria parasites circulate at chronic levels. We examined the predictors of malarial infections for great reed w
We investigated fungal growth and community composition in buried meshbags, amended with apatite, biotite or hornblende, in Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests of varying nutrient status. Norway spruce needles and soil collected from forests overlying serpentinite had low levels of potassium and phosphorus, those from granite had low levels of magnesium, whereas those from amphibolite had comparab
Sub-millimetre-sized phosphatic spherules are often found in acetic acid-insoluble residues produced for microfossil extraction. As they are typically associated with conodont elements and have a similar chemical composition, they are informally known as 'conodont pearls'. Still, the origin of these micro-spherules has been controversial, and authors have disagreed regarding their mode of formatio
This paper combines the Metropolis-Hastings Improved Particle Smoother (MHIPS) with marginalized models. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the combination by looking at two examples; a degenerate model of a double integrator and a fifth order mixed linear/nonlinear Gaussian (MLNLG) model. For the MLNLG model two different methods are compared with the non-marginalized case; the first marginaliz
The control of the Touch Hand: a low-cost electrically powered prosthetic hand is explored in this paper. A novel Haptic User Interface is proposed and tested as a supplement for amputee-prosthetic EMG control. The performance of the prosthetic hand is tested through gripping tests. The hand is capable of performing a lateral grip of 3.7 N, a power grip of 19.5 N and to passively hold a weight of
This is an exploration, in dialogue with Nikolas Rose’sconceptualization of the neurochemical self, of how people takingantidepressants through in-depth interviews make sense of theirexperiences of using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Theneurochemical self, according to Rose, is a self understood asregulated by neurochemical processes, where how we feel ismapped onto the body, more preciThis is an exploration, in dialogue with Nikolas Rose’s conceptualization of the neurochemical self, of how people taking antidepressants through in-depth interviews make sense of their experiences of using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Theneurochemical self, according to Rose, is a self understood as regulated by neurochemical processes, where how we feel is mapped onto the body, more
Many amputees have maps of referred sensation from their missing hand on their residual limb (phantom maps). This skin area can serve as a target for providing amputees with tactile sensory feedback. Providing tactile feedback on the phantom map can improve the object manipulation ability, enhance embodiment of myoelectric prostheses users and help reduce phantom limb pain. The distribution of the
Carrier-bursting is an attractive RF transmitter concept to achieve high efficiency. The power amplifier (PA) itself either operates at its peak efficiency or is turned off. Another efficiency-enhancing approach is the Doherty concept, where the main PA reaches its peak efficiency already in back-off and the peak PA contributes at high input levels to reach the desired output power. In this work,
The avian haemosporidian parasite Haemoproteus majoris has been reported to infect a wide range of passerine birds throughout the Holarctic ecozone. Five cytochrome b (cyt b) lineages have been described as belonging to the morphological species H. majoris, and these form a tight phylogenetic cluster together with 13 undescribed lineages that differ from each other by < 1.2% in sequence divergence
Melissa Aronczyk’s Branding the Nation is a watershed moment for the field of nation brands research. Published by the highly respected Oxford University Press, it is the first critical monograph on the topic to achieve mainstream recognition, as evidenced by a review in the Times Higher Education supplement. Drawing on over a decade of research and advertising industry experience, 100 interviews
‘The Future of U.S. Public Diplomacy’ is a welcome addition to critical studies within the field of public diplomacy (PD) by public relations (PR) scholar Kathy Fitzpatrick. The monograph aims to untangle many of PD’s historical misconceptions and contribute to the development of its conceptual foundations through an examination of the U.S. experience. In truth, the interaction between the discuss
This volume originated out of a discussion with the British Council a few years ago. In light of changes to their grant-in-aid in 2010, nearly two thirds of their governmental funding is now comprised of Official Development Assistance (oda). I asked what difference there was between the work that was conducted as cultural relations and the work that was budgeted as aid. The answer was that the sa
Subjective rhythmization is that phenomenon whereby, when one is listening to a monotone metronome sequence, some sounds are experienced as accented. These subjectively accented sounds group the sequence similarly to how the metrical structure of a piece of music groups the beats. Subjective rhythmization was first investigated by Bolton (1894); the present study aims at replicating and extending
