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BACKGROUND: Brain function emerges from structural pathways enabling neural connectivity and communication. However, the extent of structural-functional coupling varies across brain regions, and its alteration in aging and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. This study investigated variations in coupling associated with age, sex, and amyloid burden in a cohort of older adults without d

BACKGROUND: Postmortem MRI has opened-up avenues to study brain structure at ultra high-resolution revealing details not possible to observe with in vivo MRI. Here, we present a novel package (purple-mri) which performs tissue segmentation, anatomical parcellation and spatial normalization of postmortem MRI. Additionally, we provide a framework to perform point-wise surface-based group-level studi

BACKGROUND: A considerable portion of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) have negative amyloid-β (Aβ) biomarkers and are therefore unlikely to have Alzheimer's disease (AD). Potential causes of cognitive decline in this heterogeneous group include limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, primary age-related tauopathy (PART),

BACKGROUND: Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is often misdiagnosed or conflated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) due to overlapping clinical presentations and neuropathological features. The presence of AD-like features correlates with accelerated cognitive decline and a worse overall prognosis. Compared to AD, studies suggest that amyloid uptake in DLB may spare the occipital lobe. This project aims

In this chapter I trace a series of central and well-connected urban squares in Malmö and Lund, Sweden from the 1960s until today. It investigates how the squares have developed in relation to the practice of shopping and other activities during these decades and concludes with the discussion of a few more recent trends. Starting with the deterioration of the open urban markets, followed by the in

While many industrial processes have been thoroughly exposed to machine learning models, the realm of powder metallurgy is still underexplored. This thesis aims to investigate the potential for a machine learning model to predict the characteristics of metal powders after a reduction annealing process using time series process data from the furnace. A supervised learning model was developed to pre

Understanding the behavior of electron spins in nanomaterials is crucial for the advancement of quantum technologies. However, studying single spins presents significant challenges both experimentally and theoretically, as radicals are often unstable under experimental conditions, and sophisticated quantum mechanical approaches with extremely high computational demands, such as CASPT2 and NEVPT2,

A forthcoming taxonomic treatment of the genus Verbascum in Greece in the frame of The Flora of Greece Project necessitates the description of one species and two subspecies as new to science, the upgrading to subspecies rank of two taxa formerly recognized as varieties, as well as the formation of two new combinations. Verbascum bolbes from the regional unit Thessaloniki is here described as a ne

Antimicrobial peptides are widely investigated in the literature, but their mechanism of action and effects on lipid membranes are not completely understood from a physicochemical perspective. In this study, we employed a bioinspired mastoparan from wasp venom, mast-MO, and characterized its interactions with model lipid membranes, either as a supported lipid bilayer or as free-standing vesicles i

Uronate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.12; URI) catalyzes uronate sugar interconversion, a key step in bacterial metabolism, yet its reaction mechanism remains poorly understood. This study delineates the detailed mechanism for the isomerization of d-glucuronate to d-fructuronate catalyzed by a Zn2+-dependent URI enzyme (from Bacillus halodurans). Using quantum mechanical (QM) cluster calculations, three mec

Successful translation requires multiple protein factors with diverse specific activities. Initiation of translation is regarded as the most tightly regulated step of this process, controlled by numerous factors. Among these is the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), a protein complex composed of three subunits: the cap-binding protein eIF4E, the RNA helicase eIF4A, and the scaffolding protei

DNA replication relies on precise coordination between proteins, including the sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which encircles DNA to interact with key players in replication and repair. While biochemical studies have demonstrated interactions between PCNA and DNA polymerases δ and ε during DNA synthesis, the functional role of the Pol ε–PCNA interaction in vivo, particula

When children display disruptive behaviour problems at school or at home, their re-lationships with others are affected. Taking a systems perspective into account, where all parts of a system mutually in uence each other, and considering the reciprocal nature of interactions which imply that children are in uenced by and in uence their close surroundings, the present study seeks to examine differeWhen children display disruptive behaviour problems at school or at home, their relationships with others are affected. Taking a systems perspective into account, where all parts of a system mutually influence each other, and considering the reciprocal nature of interactions which imply that children are influenced by and influence their close surroundings, the present study seeks to examine diffe

When the polar vortex meanders and shifts towards the equator, air masses from the tropics and subtropics can be transported towards the pole in so-called tropical-subtropical streamers. These large-scale structures are areas of low potential vorticity and high pressure, containing dry air with high ozone mixing ratios. The presence of these streamers can also be seen in changes in stratospheric o

The role of the architect seems to be constantly renegotiated, due to social change, and technological development. In spite of the proliferation of architectural research, however, architectural knowledge may still be grounded in design experience and cultural values transmitted during the early years of an architect’s training. Furthermore, most scholarly studies on architectural practice and ed

Objective Delivery of a small for gestational age (SGA) infant is a common pregnancy complication among women with SLE. Although disease activity and autoantibodies such as anti-Smith and anti-ribonucleoprotein associate with SGA, underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear and reliable predictors are lacking. To address this, we applied a proteomic approach to identify proteins associated w

Background: Three-quarters of all mental health problems begins between 10-24 years. When not treated, adolescents and young people with mental health problems are at high risk of abuse, suicide, and substance use, which have long-term consequences that negatively impact physical, and economic productivity. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental health problems among secondary schoo