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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune-inflammatory CNS disease affecting spinal cord and optic nerves, mediated by autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG). Effects of those immunoglobulins (Ig) on retina and optic nerve are incompletely understood. We investigated AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG sera on retina and optic nerve ex vivo a

The main use of splenic fine needle aspirations (FNAs) is to diagnose primary tumors or tumorlike lesions including metastases and to assess splenic involvement of some hematopathological disorders. This chapter deals with disorders likely to be encountered in FNAs from the spleen in everyday practice.

Background: Cranial irradiation is a common therapy for the treatment of brain tumors, but unfortunately patients suffer from side effects, particularly cognitive impairment, caused by neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Finding a therapeutic agent protecting hippocampal neurons would be beneficial. Fingolimod (FTY720), a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator approved for mult

Environmental triggers acting at the intestinal barrier are thought to contribute to the initiation of autoimmune disorders. The transforming growth factor beta inhibitor Smad7 determines the phenotype of CD4+ T cells. We hypothesized that Smad7 in intestinal CD4+ T cells controls initiation of opticospinal encephalomyelitis (OSE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), depending on the presen

Objective: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat. DMF has been shown to modulate gut microbiota in veterinary medicine, however the effects of oral DMF on the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) remain unknown. Methods: Lewis rats were treated orally twice daily with DMF up to day

Detta arbete analyserar implementeringen av bestämmelser i EU-förordningen om kritiska råmaterial (CRMA) som fastställer tidsfrister, de strategiska projektens prioritetsstatus samt införandet av en kontaktpunkt i det svenska rättssystemet. Uppsatsen undersöker handläggningstiderna i den svenska tillståndsprocessen, hur processen uppfattas ur ett effektivitetsperspektiv samt vilka delar som av oliThis study examines the implementation of key provisions in the EU Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) within the Swedish legal framework, focusing on newly established time limits, the prioritisation status granted to strategic projects, and the introduction of a single national contact point. The thesis investigates the current duration of Swedish permitting procedures, how the process is perceive

Background: Most multiple sclerosis (MS) patients succumb to a progressive phenotype. Continued lymphocyte activity in the brain, microglia-mediated injury, iron deposition, and oxidative stress are characteristics of progressive MS. Objective: As minocycline and hydroxychloroquine have been shown to inhibit microglia, we evaluated their effects on other outcomes relevant for progression. Methods:

In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), steroid resistance and hypovitaminosis D are both associated with a poor prognosis. We show that methylprednisolone, calcitriol and the AKT-inhibitor MK-2206 have a synergistic effect on the apoptosis of steroid resistant T-ALL cells. Compared to methylprednisolone monotherapy, calcitriol increases methylprednisolone induced apoptosis dose-dependently (1.37–1

Although transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been shown to positively regulate the development of murine T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, which of the intracellular signaling pathways are involved is controversial. We examined Smad-dependent and -independent signaling molecules downstream of the TGF-β receptor (TGFβR) involved in Th17 differentiation of naive murine CD4+ CD62L+ T cells. During

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are critical to the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Still, conventional perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion® suffer from poor ion selectivity and limited long-term stability. In this study, we introduce PEMs prepared from four types of poly(arylene perfluorobenzenesulfonic acid)s, synthesized via polyhydroxyalkylations of biphenyl

Editorial for the special issue of "Small Structures"

Objective: To evaluate (1) the frequency of aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)-seropositive cases among patients treated with natalizumab (NAT) and previously diagnosed with MS (MSNAT) in a nationwide cohort, (2) the clinical course of NAT-treated AQP4-ab-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients (NMONAT), (3) AQP4-ab titers in NMONAT and AQP4-ab-seropositive NMOSD treated w

Tropical forests are essential for global biodiversity, carbon storage, and hydrological regulation, yet accelerating land-use and land-cover change are rapidly eroding these functions across Southeast Asia. In Cambodia, forest conversion surrounding protected landscapes has intensified over recent decades, but its long-term ecological and economic consequences remain poorly quantified because few

Depiction of sinusoidal displacement in nanocrystal superlattices through a minimum of geometric shapes and contrasting colors. This cover pays homage to the Bauhaus movement, celebrating human-made craftsmanship, clarity, and accessibility in scientific design, and remains faithful to its fundamental principle: less is more.

The Caninae subfamily (dogs, foxes, jackals, wolves) is a prolific taxon with 36 extant species displaying a wide variety of behavioural and physical adaptations to wildly different environments. 3D brain moulds generated from CT-scans of skulls, called digital endocasts, are used to study the brain and its shape in a non-invasive or destructive manner. My work aimed to investigate links between w

High fidelity fluid simulations have important applications in science and engineering, examples include numerical weather prediction and simulation aided design. Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods are promising high order discretizations for simulating unsteady compressible fluid flow in three dimensions. Systems arising from such discretizations are often stiff and require implicit time integra

This study explores structural modifications for reducing train-induced vibrations in timber buildings by modifying the building layout. A parameter study was conducted using a semi-analytical ground model coupled with a finite element structural model. The train load was modeled as a stationary oscillating point load of unit magnitude, applied on the ground surface. The analyzed frequency range,