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Fetal mesencephalic mouse tissue, rich in dopamine neurons, was xenografted as a dissociated cell suspension into the striatum of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine induced lesions of the mesostriatal pathway. The rats were either assigned to a 10-day, 21-day or 42-day Cyclosporin A (CyA) immunosuppression scheme, or given no immunosuppression. The functional effects of the grafts were followe

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) has been used to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) for decades. The purpose of this study was to analyze to what extent BTX-A treatment was used to treat spasticity in a total population of children with CP. We investigated 1) the use of BTX-A in relation to age, sex, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, 2) the mos

The method presented in this paper is invented to address the problem of episodic memory in participants with highly restricted verbal abilities, 15-month-olds in this case. Here, we refer to episodic memory defined as a mind/brain system with three main responsibilities: to encode, to store and to recall individual memories. Episodic memory system requires three additional capacities, which make

Background: We have previously shown that a Palaeolithic diet consisting of the typical food groups that our ancestors ate during the Palaeolithic era, improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and glucose control compared to the currently recommended diabetes diet in patients with type 2 diabetes. To elucidate the mechanisms behind these effects, we evaluated fasting plasma concentrations of g

Urban Sprawl is one of the challenges to urban development in many nations. Different aspects of the phenomenon have been researched with a view to providing solutions to myriad of ills attributed to it. For any meaningful intervention, however, assessment of development to ascertain sprawl is essential. Despite this, its quantification and monitoring in environment with paucity of data remains a

Shale gas extraction commonly known as fracking had support from the UK government with their ‘all out for shale’ policy. Despite this industry has struggled to establish itself mainly due to strong opposition from communities concerned about environmental and health impacts. Most research into the impacts of fracking is concerned with either environmental degradation or physical health impacts wh

Dead wood is a key element in forest ecosystems and a wide range of organisms are dependent on this substrate for development and reproduction. Saproxylic beetles are important decomposers of dead wood and serve as food for many organisms. Due to the significant forestry-related decrease of dead wood in rural areas, many species of saproxylic beetles are considered threatened. Thus, other spaces h

The pulmonary route has emerged as a promising strategy for delivering protein therapeutics, particularly for patients suffering from respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary infections. This project investigated the effect of operating parameters of a laboratory spray dryer on the characteristics of powders composed of Bovine Serum Albumin

Sharks are an ecologically important group of fishes important to maintaining ecosystem structure and function, yet the additive effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities threaten their survival. Northwestern Atlantic populations of shortfin mako sharks and white sharks are considered threatened species, with populations in decline since the 1950s. Previous conservation efforts have a

Background: The aim in the thesis is to study diagnostic issues, clinical features, therapy, and prognosis in selected demyelinative disorders of the nervous system: optic neuritis (ON), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and tumefactive MS (a very rare acute demyelinating disorder). Methods: From an initial cohort of 110 patients with ON collected 19 to 31 years ago, a new follow-up survey was cond

BACKGROUND: Primary cervical screening with both human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing and cytological examination of cervical cells with a Pap test (cytology) has been evaluated in randomized clinical trials. Because the vast majority of women with positive cytology are also HPV DNA positive, screening strategies that use HPV DNA testing as the primary screening test may be more effective. METHO

OBJECTIVE: High concentrations of leukocytes in blood have been associated with diabetes mellitus. This prospective study aimed to explore whether total and differential leukocyte counts are associated with incidence of diabetes. A missense variant R262W in the SH2B3 (SH2B adaptor protein 3) gene, coding for a protein that negatively regulates hematopoietic cell proliferation, was also studied in

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen i världen bland kvinnor och bara i Sverige insjuknar varje år runt 7000 personer. Vi vet att omkring 10-15% av fallen troligen beror på ärftliga faktorer och det har under senare tid gjorts stora insatser för att klargöra exakt vilka arvsanlag som har betydelse för utveckling av sjukdomen. Under början av 90-talet identifieradeHereditary breast cancer constitutes a considerable fraction of the total number of breast cancer cases occurring each year. Up until recently very few breast cancer predisposing genes were known, but many new common polymorphisms contributing to increased cancer susceptibility are continuously being identified. This thesis has focused on familial breast cancer and identifying as well as investi

Background: Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence (BCCOE) was founded to serve Rwanda’s rural low-income population, providing subsidized cancer diagnosis and treatment with transport stipends for the lowest-income patients. We examined whether travel distance to BCCOE was associated with advanced-stage diagnoses and treatment completion. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using medic

Background and Aims The long-term outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs. coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease remain debated. Methods The Swedish Web-system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry

Independent estimation and verification of fossil CO2 emissions on a regional and national scale are crucial for evaluating the fossil CO2 emissions and reductions reported by countries as part of their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Top-down methods, such as the assimilation of in situ and satellite observations of different tracers (e.g., CO2, CO, Δ14CO2, XCO2), have been increasing

BACKGROUND: In 2013, it was discovered that a subset of the population in Ronneby, Sweden was exposed to high levels of perfluorinated compounds (PFAS) from drinking water that had been provided by the local Brantafors waterworks and was contaminated by fire-fighting foam from a nearby airport. The start and time-course of population exposures are not known.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the start of P

OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in treating patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CnCP) is questionable, and the potential risks of adverse effects are well established. The aims were as follows: (1) compare characteristics in patients exposed to LTOT vs non-exposed. (2) Regarding opioid-exposed patients, describe characteristics of patients with risk factors for opioi