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Objective: The formation of glucose degradation products (GDPs) during sterilization of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) is one of the most important aspects of biocompatibility of glucose-containing PDFs. Producers of PDFs are thus trying to minimize the level of GDPs in their products. 3,4-Dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE) has been identified as the most bioreactive GDP in PDFs. It exists in a t
Background: A novel generation of PET scanners based on silicon (Si)-photomultiplier (PM) technology has recently been introduced. Concurrently, there has been development of new reconstruction methods aimed at increasing the detectability of small lesions without increasing image noise. The combination of new detector technologies and new reconstruction algorithms has been found to increase image
Public debate is central to most theories of democracy, yet few cross-national studies have examined its association with democratic satisfaction. This article identifies three features of national public spheres – pluralism, information, and respect – and presents annual measures of these features for 175 countries from 2000 to 2020. Among electoral democracies, pluralism remained stable, but the
It is presently unclear whether free serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (S 25(OH)D) better reflects bone health than total S 25(OH)D. We have previously shown that summer total S 25(OH)D values are more useful to predict bone mineral density (BMD) than winter values. Our objective was therefore to compare the relative importance of free and total S 25(OH)D for BMD by season. BMD was measured by dual energy
The historical turn in human rights studies is characterized by a deepcleavage between scholars who locate the origins of human rights inthe Atlantic Revolutions of the late 18th century, and scholars whoinstead focus on the post-WWII period in general, and on the 1970sin particular as a breakthrough decade for international humanrights. Against the background of what has been described as thethreThe historical turn in human rights studies is characterized by a deep cleavage between scholars who locate the origins of human rights in the Atlantic Revolutions of the late 18th century, and scholars who instead focus on the post-WWII period in general, and on the 1970s in particular as a breakthrough decade for international human rights. Against the background of what has been described as th
IMPORTANCE: Discontinuation and nonpublication are established sources of avoidable waste among surgical trials, but rates of delayed completion and recruiting shortfalls remain unclear.OBJECTIVES: To examine the rate of delayed completion, incomplete enrollment, and discontinuation among randomized clinical trials in surgical populations and the duration of delays and extent of recruiting shortfa
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of complex markers implanted into lung tumors throughout a course of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Fifteen patients referred for lung SBRT were prospectively included. Radio-opaque markers were implanted percutaneously, guided by computed tomography (CT). Deep inspiration breath-hold CT scans (BHCT) were acquired at planning and on t
Despite significant advances in knowledge and the development of guidelines, the management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) remains highly variable. A structured questionnaire was circulated across European Association of Paediatric & Congenital Cardiology (AEPC) affiliated centres. The aims were to evaluate standards in pre-operative assessment, types of surgery, follow-up and medic
Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) provides a more realistic interpretation of crystallographic data than the standard independent atom model (IAM) by using aspherical atomic form factors derived from quantum mechanical (QM) calculations. With this aspherical description, it is possible to obtain improved atomic positions, atomic displacement parameters and correct bond lengths even for hydrogen atom
Objective: Foetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 10% of pregnancies, contributing to 30% of stillbirths. Current management of early-onset FGR (< 32 + 0 weeks' gestation) delivers the foetus before stillbirth or irreversible organ damage. The resulting preterm births create additional risks independent of FGR. We determined the economic cost associated with severe early-onset FGR. Design: Econom
Europeiska unionen syftar till att skapa fri handel på en inre marknad. Det innebär en fri rörlighet av bland annat varor. Med varor avses alla materiella ting, vilket även inkluderar avfall. Handel med avfall mellan Europeiska unionen och tredje länder är också vanligt förekommande. Anledningen till att handel bedrivs med avfall är att vissa avfallskategorier fungerar som insatsvaror i produktionThe European Union aims to create free trade on an internal market. Among other things, this means free movement of goods. Goods are defined as all material things, which also include waste. Trade in waste between the European Union and third countries is also common. The reason for trading in waste is that certain waste categories act as inputs in the production of other goods and products. A com
Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka överförmyndarens tillsyn av ställföreträdares verksamhet. En överförmyndare är en kommunal förvaltningsmyndighet vars skyldighet är att tillhandahålla gode män och förvaltare. En sådan legal ställföreträdare kan förordnas för personer som inte kan att ta hand om sig själva och sin egendom. Ställföreträdarens uppdrag är således att bevaka huvudmannens rätt,The purpose of this essay is to study the chief guardian’s supervision of deputies’ activities. A chief guardian is a municipal administrative authority whose obligation is to provide custodians and administrators. Such a legal deputy may be assigned to persons who can no longer take care of themselves or their property. The deputy’s commitment is thus to guard the rights of the principal, adminis
Global environmental issues concern a growing number of people and businesses are expected to communicate efforts towards environmental sustainability. Due to the controversial nature of its business practices and contribution to environmental problems, the oil industry holds a poor reputation and is considered to have a special need to communicate their efforts towards more sustainable business p
Videogames and their potential negative effect on people has been discussed for almost six decades. Focus for most of the research is the correlation between violent videogames and aggression, however another factor that has not been researched thoroughly yet is self-control. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a connection between extensive video game consumption and self-con
This study aims to examine customer acquisition strategies of multisided platforms and consumer perception towards them. It further aims to contribute to current literature by addressing present uncertainty regarding the relationship of customer acquisition and consumer perception. From a practical perspective it should help other multisided platforms to identify customer acquisition methods that
In the sedimentary bedrock of southwest Scania, located in the southernmost part of Sweden, there are several low-enthalpy Mesozoic sandstone aquifers situated at different depths. These aquifers collectively hold the potential for direct-heat geothermal utilization. Given the energy supply challenge across Europe, there is a growing need to characterise the geothermal resources and quantify their
This thesis aims to examine the mechanisms behind the psychiatric diagnosis resignation syndrome and why and/or how it emerged in Sweden in the early 2000s. In addition to this the thesis also aspires to explore the reasons behind why the diagnosis has fallen victim to such a large amount of criticism and suspicion. Through a literature study empirical data, consisting of primarily academic and sc
The protein hemoglobin (Hb) is vital for us humans to ensure enough oxygen replacement in the body. Hb-resembling proteins also exist in plants, these are called phytoglobins (Pgbs). Pgbs are very interesting since they can play a considerable role in the development of blood substitutes and iron supplements for human use. A few years ago, genes that code for Pgb in sugar beet were found and ident
