Filtyp
Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) data are required for many hydro-meteorological applications. Compared with the traditional evaluation that requires in-situ measurements, the triple collocation (TC) technique estimates geophysical product errors without the need for ground truth, which is especially suitable over large areas lacking a dense in-situ network. However, violations of the zero-error c
Observed winter near-surface air temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere have exhibited a warm Arctic-cold Eurasia (WACE) pattern with interdecadal variation in recent decades, but the exact mechanism behind WACE is still under debate. This study used reanalysis data and climate model simulations to investigate the interdecadal variability of the WACE pattern on a centennial scale, as wel
IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, and there is a substantial disparity in BC mortality by race, especially for early-onset BC in Black women. Many guidelines recommend starting BC screening from age 50 years; however, the current one-size-fits-all policy to start screening all women from a certain age may not be fair, equitable, or optimal.OBJECTI
Accurate monitoring of the spatiotemporal variations in the gross primary productivity (GPP) in coastal wetlands is essential for blue carbon quantification. However, the currently available moderate-spatial-resolution GPP algorithms and products may contain large uncertainties and may rarely meet the demands of tidal wetland research. In this paper, we examine two statistical methods, namely, sim
The Arctic temperature changes are closely linked to midlatitude weather variability and extreme events, which has attracted much attention in recent decades. Syntheses of proxy data from poleward of 60g gN indicate that there was asymmetric cooling of-1.54 and-0.61gg C for the Atlantic Arctic and the Pacific Arctic during the Holocene, respectively. We also present a similar consistent cooling pa
Aeolian sand significantly affects permafrost degradation, but the effect of the aeolian sand on the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau remains unknown. The sand layer thickness is critical to its role. However, little quantitative research has been conducted on the effect of the sand layer thickness on its role. In this study, using CoupModel, we investigated the differences in the impact of
Erosion and infrastructure in the Arctic can change the thickness of the active layer which can subsequently alternate the thermal-hydrological regime and change the drainage patterns on slopes. Previous studies have shown that drainage can either decrease due to the movement of water occurring in deeper soil layers with lower permeability or increase due to the formation of features like gullies
Background and Purpose: Target delineation in glioblastoma is still a matter of extensive research and debate. This guideline aims to update the existing joint European consensus on delineation of the clinical target volume (CTV) in adult glioblastoma patients. Material and Methods: The ESTRO Guidelines Committee identified 14 European experts in close interaction with the ESTRO clinical committee
Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based r
An experimental approach to verify the forward scattering sum rule for periodic structures is presented. This approach allows an upper bound on the total cross section integrated over a bandwidth from a simple static problem to be found. Based on energy conservation, the optical theorem is used to construct a relation between the total cross section and the forward scattering of periodic structure
We compute the Cramér-Rao lower bounds for determination of isotropic permittivity and permeability in slabs using scattering data such as reflection and transmission coefficients. Assuming only the fundamental mode is propagating in the slab, the results are formally the same regardless if the slab is in free space, or inside a rectangular or coaxial waveguide. The bounds depend only on signal qu
High-speed communication using the copper network, originally installed for telephony, is one of the dominant Internet access techniques. Several variants of a technology referred to as digital subscriber line (xDSL) have been developed, standardized and installed during the last two decades. Essentially, xDSL achieves high rates by exploiting wide bands of the copper cable channel. The shorter th
Popular Abstract in Swedish Hantering av risker i företag och organisationer har haft en lång och komplicerad historia. På åttiotalet, och i början av nittiotalet, var uppfattningen att om en olycka inträffade i en organisation, som påstods vara nära nog perfekt, måste det bero på ”den mänskliga faktorn”, dvs. att en eller flera medarbetare inte gjorde som de borde ha gjort. Orsakerna till olyckaIntroduction Risk management in enterprises, organisations and companies has had a long and complicated history. During the eighties, and at least during the beginning of the nineties, the notion concerning risk management was that if an accident happened in an otherwise perfect system it was due to the human operator in some way being the cause of the error. The cause for the accidents was desc
Minor structural changes on the surface of proteins can have tremendous impact on their biological properties. When producing therapeutic proteins it is therefore important to verify that the generated protein is the desired one. Small variations such as glycosylations or amino acid substitutions can mean the difference between a functional, defective or even toxic product. This thesis describes
