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Abstract Determination of the respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is critical for risk assessment of air pollution, inhaled drug delivery, and understanding of respiratory disease. With the advent of nanotechnology, there has been an increasing interest in the measurement of pulmonary deposition of nanoparticles because of their unique properties in inhalation toxicology and medicin
Background: Respiratory tract deposition of air pollution particles is a key to their adverse health effects. This study was aimed to determine the size-resolved deposition fraction (DF) of sooty wood smoke particles in the lungs of healthy subjects. The type of wood smoke investigated is typical for household air pollution from solid fuels, which is among the largest environmental health problems
Exposure to airborne particulate matter is associated with a number of negative health effects ranging from respiratory diseases to systemic effects and cancer. One important factor for understanding the health effects is the individual variation in the respiratory tract deposition of inhaled particles. In this study, we describe an experimental set-up for size-resolved measurements of the lung de
Molecular aggregates on plasmonic nanoparticles have emerged as attractive systems for the studies of polaritonic light-matter states, called plexcitons. Such systems are tunable, scalable, easy to synthesize, and offer sub-wavelength confinement, all while giving access to the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime, promising a plethora of applications. However, the complexity of these material
The concept of “Sustainable water use” (SWU) aims to assure three pillars of sustainability related to the water sector: the social, environmental, and economical. Industrial development, especially in developing countries, requires an adequate response, as industrial activities are recognized as one of the major sources of water pollution, what leads to deterioration of environmental safety and w
Residential biomass combustion is a significant source of aerosol particles on regional and global scales influencing climate and human health. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) emitted from biomass burning of solid fuels in different cookstoves mostly of relevance to sub- Saharan east Africa. The traditional three-stone fi
The emergence of fourth-generation synchrotrons is prompting the development of new systems for experimental control and data acquisition. However, as general control systems are designed to cover a wide set of instruments and techniques, they tend to become large and complicated, at the cost of experimental flexibility. Here we present Contrast, a simple Python framework for interacting with beam
Molecular additives are widely utilized to minimize non-radiative recombination in metal halide perovskite emitters due to their passivation effects from chemical bonds with ionic defects. However, a general and puzzling observation that can hardly be rationalized by passivation alone is that most of the molecular additives enabling high-efficiency perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are che
BACKGROUND: Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are of great help when researchers try to understand the nature of causal relationships and the consequences of conditioning on different variables. One fundamental feature of causal relations that has not been incorporated into the standard DAG framework is interaction, i.e. when the effect of one variable (on a chosen scale) depends on the value that an
Recurrent use of the Housing Enabler instrument has highlighted methodological challenges of broader scientific interest, namely interactions between personal functional capacity (P) and exposures to features (here potential barriers) in the built housing environment (E). This study aimed to propose and illustrate an analytic approach, separating P × E interaction effects (here accessibility probl
Aim: We studied the impact of maternal and pregnancy-related conditions and the effect of gestational age itself, on the health of infants born late preterm. Methods: Singletons born in gestational weeks 34 + 0 to 41 + 6 in 1995–2013 in the southern region of Sweden were identified from a perinatal register. We found 14 030 infants born late preterm and 294 814 born at term. A hierarchical system
Background: The prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) might be influenced by many sociodemographic and clinical factors. Previous studies have investigated the main effects of critical predictors but few have analyzed potential interactions. We have studied the long-term cognitive outcome, nursing home placement (NHP) and mortality by interactions between factors in cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI)
The optical properties of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/Ag nanoparticle (NP) hybrids and their application to surface catalytic reactions were studied by transmission, photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopies. The local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag nanoparticles was tuned to better match the exciton energy of monolayer MoS2. The PL of the hybrids was enhanced by more than
Background and Objectives: The risk of cerebral palsy (CP) is high in preterm infants and is often accompanied by additional neurodevelopmental comorbidities. The present study describes lifetime prevalence of CP in a population-based prospective cohort of children born extremely preterm, including the type and severity of CP and other comorbidities (ie, developmental delay and/or cognitive impair
Ecosystems can show sudden and persistent changes in state despite only incremental changes in drivers. Such critical transitions are difficult to predict, because the state of the system often shows little change before the transition. Early-warning indicators (EWIs) are hypothesized to signal the loss of system resilience and have been shown to precede critical transitions in theoretical models,
CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for optoelectronic devices. The substitution of oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OLA) capping agents with a quaternary alkylammonium such as di-dodecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DDAB) has shown an increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE) from 0.19% (OA/OLA) to 13.4% (DDAB) in LED devices. The device performance significantly depends on both
Introduction: Fetal growth restriction is a major risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome. As most of the growth-restricted fetuses are small for gestational age (SGA), an efficient antenatal screening method for SGA fetuses would have a major impact on perinatal health. The aim of this study was to compare the SGA prediction rate achieved with third-trimester routine ultrasound estimation of fe
Background: Exposure to many contacts is the main risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, while risk of serious disease and death is chiefly determined by old age and comorbidities. Relative and population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of multiple medical and social exposures for COVID-19 outcomes have not been evaluated among older adults. Objective
Introduction: Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are severe complications to vaginal births with potentially serious long-term consequences and large impact on quality of life. The aim was to determine risk and protective factors for OASIS. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective register-based observational study. A cohort of 988 988 singleton term deliveries 2005–2016 in Sweden
Here we present a toolbox for natural language processing tasks related to SARS-CoV-2. It comprises English dictionaries of synonyms for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, a silver standard corpus generated with the dictionaries and a gold standard corpus of 10 Pubmed abstracts manually annotated for disease, virus, symptom and protein/gene terms. This toolbox is freely available on github and can be used f
