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Randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocols contain essential details needed to understand and evaluate the trial's planned aims, design, data collection methods, monitoring, data analysis, and participants' safety. However, key information is often omitted from paediatric RCT protocols, including details on dose adjustments of interventions based on age, body surface area, or weight; developmenta
Randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocols contain essential details needed to understand and evaluate the trial's planned aims, design, data collection methods, monitoring, data analysis, and participants' safety. However, key information is often omitted from paediatric RCT protocols, including details on dose adjustments of interventions based on age, body surface area, or weight; developmenta
Increasing aridity is one major consequence of ongoing global climate change and is expected to cause widespread changes in key ecosystem attributes, functions, and dynamics. This is especially the case in naturally vulnerable ecosystems, such as drylands. While we have an overall understanding of past aridity trends, the linkage between temporal dynamics in aridity and dryland ecosystem responses
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) poses a significant risk for the development of active tuberculosis (TB) and complicates its treatment. However, there is inconclusive evidence on whether the TB-DM co-morbidity is associated with a higher risk of developing multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize available evidence on the association of DM and MDR
BACKGROUND: 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (HCT, R182281), a transformation product of the fungicide chlorothalonil, was recently identified in human serum and breast milk. There are indications that HCT may be more toxic and environmentally persistent than chlorothalonil.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate serum concentrations of HCT in pregnant women in Sweden and Costa Rica.METHODS: We developed a q
Background:Earlier clinical detection of cancer may improve survival as well as offer opportunities for less invasive treatment options. This thesis explores whether the mitochondria and its related genes in the nuclear genome can be used as novel methods for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.Aims and Methods:Paper I: To investigate if mitochondrial dysfunction (characterized by mtDNA copy nu
Pesticides represent one of the greatest threats to bees and other beneficial insects in agricultural landscapes. Potential exposure is generated through compound- and crop-specific patterns of pesticide use over space and time and unique degradation behavior among compounds. Realized exposure develops through bees foraging from their nests across the spatiotemporal mosaic of floral resources and
OBJECTIVE Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a heterogenous, slowly progressing autoimmune diabetes. We aim to contribute new knowledge on the long-term prognosis of LADA with varying degrees of autoimmunity by comparing it to type 2 diabetes and adult-onset type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This Swedish population-based study included newly diagnosed LADA (n = 550, stratifi
Research on gender-fair language aims to identify language inclusive to a multitude of individuals, for example, increasing the visibility of women by using paired pronouns (he/she) instead of generic masculine forms (he). However, binary presentations like he/she might come with unwanted side effects and evoke what we label as normative gender bias. A normative gender bias is defined as when word
OBJECTIVE To estimate the risk of progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes based on varying definitions of multiple islet autoantibody positivity (mIA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Type 1 Diabetes Intelligence (T1DI) is a combined prospective data set of children from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S. who have an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Analysis included 16,709 infants-toddl
BackgroundDigital applications that automatically extract information from electronic medical records and provide comparative visualizations of the data in the form of quality indicators to primary care practices may facilitate local quality improvement (QI). A necessary condition for such QI to work is that practices actively access the data. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of an
This volume originally started as a conversation between academics from across the Arab world, all of whom have bridged their academic careers or professional development expertise to the public sphere in order to use their knowledge more actively to push for progressive, democratic change in their respective countries. Over the course of the conversation, Arab engaged scholars and activists share
Objective: Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) is a common congenital heart defect, and interatrial communications among preterm children is even more common. The objective of this study was to calculate the incidence of ASD II in children, with assessment to gestational age at birth. Further, to assess maternal, prenatal and postnatal risk factors associated with ASD II among children of diffe
Additive manufacturing creates surfaces with random roughness, impacting heat transfer and pressure loss differently than traditional sand–grain roughness. Further research is needed to understand these effects. We conducted high-fidelity heat transfer simulations over threedimensional additive manufactured surfaces with varying roughness heights and skewness. Based on an additive manufactured Inc
BACKGROUND: Decreased manual dexterity is common in persons after stroke. Different measures are used to assess manual dexterity, but a lack of knowledge exists about their reliability and how they are related.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of 3 manual dexterity measures after stroke.DESIGN: A test-retest design.SETTING: University Hospital.PARTICIPANTS:
Context. Among the thousands of exoplanets discovered to date, approximately a few hundred gas giants on short-period orbits are classified as 'lonely'and only a few are in a multi-planet system with a smaller companion on a close orbit. The processes that formed multi-planet systems hosting gas giants on close orbits are poorly understood, and only a few examples of this kind of system have been
Background Elevated troponin levels are a sensitive biomarker for cardiac injury. The quick and reliable prediction of troponin elevation for patients with chest pain from readily available ECGs may pose a valuable time-saving diagnostic tool during decision-making concerning this patient population. Methods and results The data used included 15 856 ECGs from patients presenting to the emergency r
Introduction: Estimation of the longitudinal relaxation time T1 from the MP2RAGE pulse sequence is based on a monoexponential signal evolution model. However, magnetization transfer caused by the inversion pulse induces a fast relaxation component which appears as a reduction in the efficiency of the inversion. This may explain the underestimation of T1 derived from MP2RAGE. To address this system
Background: Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is an underlying pathophysiological mechanism in aortic stenosis, which shares many risk factors with diabetes. However, the association between dysglycemia and early stages of AVC remains unclear. The aim was to examine the associations between stages of dysglycemia and signs of AVC among middle-aged individuals from the general population. Methods: Th
Background: Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a known risk factor for early development of emphysema and COPD. By the Swedish national screening program within the years 1972–74 a cohort of individuals with severe AATD (PiZZ) was identified and regularly followed up. The aim of this study was to investigate alveolar volume (VA) and the ratio VA/Total lung capacity (VA/TLC) for the de
