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Understanding land use and land cover (LULC) change through time is an important aspect when attempting to interpret human-environment interactions through time. Palaeoenvironmental techniques have been crucial in bridging this gap by providing information that has been used to estimate climate change, vegetation change, sea level change etc. through time using a variety of proxies. Producing quan
Background and Aims: Certain appearances of the major duodenal papilla have been claimed to make cannulation more difficult during ERCP. This study uses a validated classification of the endoscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla to determine if certain types of papilla predispose to difficult cannulation. Methods: Patients with a naïve papilla scheduled for ERCP were included. The papill
Atmospheric inverse modeling is a method for reconstructing historical fluxes of green-house gas between land and atmosphere, using observed atmospheric concentrations and an atmospheric tracer transport model. The small number of observed atmospheric concentrations in relation to the number of unknown flux components makes the inverse problem ill-conditioned, and assumptions on the fluxes are nee
Background: Growing evidence suggests that pesticide exposure may influence respiratory health, but data in young children are very limited. We examined the association of prenatal pesticide exposure with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and wheeze at one year of age in children from the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) study in Costa Rica. Methods: We measured seven pesticide metabol
A search for the decays of the Higgs and Z bosons to J/psi gamma and Upsilon(nS)gamma (n = 1,2,3) is performed with pp collision data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 20.3 fb(-1) collected at root s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess of events is observed above expected backgrounds and 95% C.L. upper limits are placed o
This paper was produced to provide some background for the discussion on a pathway towards ending statelessness and the High Level International Conference on Migration and Statelessness, 23-24 June 2014, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, hosted by IOM, UNHCR and the Government of Turkmenistan.
Bark beetle infestations pose a significant threat to forest ecosystems, necessitating timely intervention for effective management and conservation. This study focuses on an 8,100 km2 area in southern Sweden, heavily impacted by a bark beetle outbreak triggered by a severe drought in 2018. Using spectral indices derived from Sentinel-2 data, it explores the potential of a window-based approach fo
Background: In the Sahel, one of the largest semi-arid areas in the world, pastoral livestock is the main source of protein for the local population. The quantification of herbaceous biomass in the Sahelian rangelands is of major importance since it provides food for the livestock. The main method used to monitor the biomass consists of cutting, drying, and weighting it. However, indirect methods
This study investigates the requirements for estimating CO2 emissions at the country scale using observational data from the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) atmosphere network, taking Italy as a case study. In particular, we explore the potential expansion of Italy’s current atmospheric ICOS network by identifying additional existing and future stations that would most effectively impr
The Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a binding international treaty signed by 196 nations to limit their greenhouse gas emissions through ever-reducing Nationally Determined Contributions and a system of 5-yearly Global Stocktakes in an Enhanced Transparency Framework. To support this process, the European Commission initiated the design and developme
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing (RS) technology is an ideal tool to map flooded areas on account of its all-time, all-weather imaging capability. Existing SAR data-based change detection approaches lack well-discriminant change indices for reliable floodwater mapping. To resolve this issue, an unsupervised change detection approach, made up of two main steps, is proposed for detectin
This paper provides an overview of both long-standing and new legal and policy developments concerning Environmental Human Rights Defenders (EHRDs). The focus is on four major components: i) observing different approaches and understandings about EHRDs; ii) analysing the content of international obligations concerning EHRDs and mechanisms for reviewing implementation and accountability; iii) discu
Background: In a previous study, we explored real-world programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) testing and treatment patterns for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the era of immune-oncology. The present study aimed to investigate overall survival (OS) with PD-(L)1 inhibitors with longer-term follow-up in the Swedish setting. Materials and methods: Data were extracted from th
The two phases of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence both regional and global terrestrial vegetation productivity on inter-annual scales. However, the major drivers for the regional vegetation productivity and their controlling strengths during different phases of ENSO remain unclear. We herein disentangled the impacts of two phases of ENSO on regional carbon cycle using multiple data s
The aim of this WaterWarmth project Work Package 6.1 report is to present a number of relevant frameworks available to analyse and/or assess the governance of current heating systems and future energy system innovation, in particular with a focus on aquathermal energy (AE) systems. At the basis of the report was a broad survey of the academic and other literature by project researchers on ways to
The European spruce bark beetle ( Ips typographus L.) is a biotic disturbance that devastates forest environmental services, and its activities are exacerbated due to climate change. Accordingly, researchers seek workflows using remote sensing imagery for bark beetle detection in the early stage of the attack, enabling proactive management. Most previous studies attempted to detect attacks with pi
OBJECTIVES: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can detect more cancers than the current standard breast screening method, digital mammography (DM); however, it can substantially increase the reading workload and thus hinder implementation in screening. Artificial intelligence (AI) might be a solution. The aim of this study was to retrospectively test different ways of using AI in a screening workf
