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Aims: Tobacco smoking is known to increase the long-term risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. This observational, cross-sectional study aims to compare measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in current, ex- and never-smokers. Methods: The study population included 1246 people without diabetes (mean age 44 years, 55% women) fro
Finite element modelling (FEM) is used to show that the addition of Au contacts to a single horizontal InAs/InP heterostructure nanowire substantially alters the nanowire's optical properties in comparison to the uncontacted case. It is found that the addition of contacts can increase absorption efficiency, decrease scattering efficiency and shift the location of absorption within the nanowire. Lo
It is a public health priority to identify the adverse and non-adverse associations between pharmaceutical medications and cancer. We search for and evaluate associations between all prescribed medications and longitudinal cancer risk in participants of the Swedish Cancer Register (N = 9,014,975). We associated 552 different medications with incident cancer risk (any, breast, colon, and prostate)
We fabricate and analyze InGaAs nanowire MOSFETs with channel widths down to 18 nm. Low-temperature measurements reveal quantized conductance due to subband splitting, a characteristic of 1D systems. We relate these features to device performance at room-temperature. In particular, the threshold voltage versus nanowire width is explained by direct observation of quantization of the first sub-band,
Background Cross-sectional studies indicate that a cancer patient's partner is important in regard to the patient's psychological well-being. This has yet to be investigated in a large prospective setting. Objective To investigate types of psychosocial support and whether men improved their well-being at 12 and 24 mo after radical prostatectomy. Design, setting, and participants In a group of 1446
Background: We aimed to explore the effects of polypharmacy and specific drug classes on readmissions and mortality after hip surgery. Methods: We analyzed data on 272 consecutive hip fracture patients (72.1% females; age 82±9 years) who underwent acute hip replacement. We collected detailed data on the pharmacological treatment upon admission and discharge. Patients were followed up over a period
Genome-wide association studies have identified several risk loci for multiple myeloma (MM); however, the mechanisms by which they influence MM are unknown. Here by using genetic association data and functional characterization, we demonstrate that rs4487645 G>T, the most highly associated variant (P = 5.30 × 10-25), resides in an enhancer element 47 kb upstream of the transcription start site of
OBJECTIVE:: Multiple systematic reviews address the effect of antihypertensive treatment in people with diabetes. Here, we summarize current systematic reviews concerning antihypertensive treatment effect at different blood pressure (BP) levels, and relative treatment effect of different antihypertensive agents. METHODS:: We searched MEDLINE, BIOSIS, DARE and CDSR during years 2005–2016. Eligibili
Objectives: Chronic pain is common in older adults, yet little is known of its development and the factors that predict its persistence and onset at old age. The aims of this longitudinal cohort study were to examine the prevalence and incidence of chronic pain and to explore possible risk factors for its persistence and onset in a representative sample of older Swedish adults. Method: Data were c
Familial clustering of pleural mesothelioma was reported previously, but none of the reports quantified the familial risk of mesothelioma or the association with other cancers. The contributions of shared environmental or genetic factors to the aggregation of mesothelioma were unknown. We used a number of Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Swedish Cancer Regi
We demonstrate direct measurements of the spin-orbit interaction and Landé g factors in a semiconductor nanowire double quantum dot. The device is made from a single-crystal pure-phase InAs nanowire on top of an array of finger gates on a Si/SiO2 substrate and the measurements are performed in the Pauli spin-blockade regime. It is found that the double quantum dot exhibits a large singlet-triplet
Background: Whether high cardiovascular fitness is associated with reduced risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is unknown. The present study aims to determine whether high cardiovascular fitness reduces the risk of VTE. Methods: A Swedish cohort of male conscripts (n = 773,925) born in 1954–1970 with no history of previous VTE were followed from enlistment (1972–1990) until 2010. Data on cardiova
An analytical derivation of the probability density function (PDF) tail describing the strongly correlated interface growth governed by the nonlinear Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation is provided. The PDF tail exactly coincides with a Tracy-Widom distribution i.e. a PDF tail proportional to exp (cw2 3/2), Where w 2 is the the width of the interface. The PDF tail is computed by the instanton method in t
Semiconductor nanowire arrays have been identified as a promising platform for future light emitting diodes (LEDs), for example, due to the materials science freedom of combining lattice-mismatched materials in them. Furthermore, the emission of light from nanowires can be tailored by designing their geometry. Such tailoring could optimize the emission of light to the top side as well as enhance t
Background: Personal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We hypothesized that genetic factors that are involved in the development of T2DM might protect against prostate cancer. Methods: We used a few Swedish registers, including the Swedish Multigeneration Register and the Cancer Reg
The ammonothermal method is one of the most promising candidates for large-scale bulk GaN growth due to its scalability and high crystalline quality. However, emphasis needs to be put on understanding the incorporation and effects of impurities during growth. This article discusses how impurities are incorporated in different growth zones in basic ammonothermal GaN, and how they affect the structu
Background: Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with future risk for psychosocial dysfunction, the degree to which this arises from a direct causal effect of AUD on functioning v. from correlated risk factors (also known as confounders) is less clearly established. Method: AUD was assessed from Swedish medical, criminal and pharmacy registries. In a large general population cohort, u
This paper investigates if the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on school performance has changed over time using national Swedish population register data. The issue is of interest because management and treatment of the disease have improved over the last decades and, furthermore, because of changes in the educational grading system. Despite these changes, data indicate a persistent neg
