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We present a CRC-aided decodingscheme of LDPC codes that can outperform the underlying LDPC code underordered statistic decoding (OSD). In this scheme, the CRC is usedjointly with the LDPC code to construct a candidate list, insteadof conventionally being regarded as a detection code to prunethe list generated by the LDPC code alone. As an example weconsider a (128,64) 5G LDPC code with BP decodin
Spatially coupled turbo-like codes (SC-TCs) have been shown to have excellent decoding thresholds due to the threshold saturation effect. Furthermore, even for moderate block lengths, the simulation results demonstrate a very good bit error rate performance in the waterfall region. In this paper, we discuss the effect of spatial coupling on the performance of TCs in the finite block-length regime.
Peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) is one of the most important oil crops worldwide, and its yet increasing market demand may be met by genetic improvement of yield related traits, which may be facilitated by a good understanding of the underlying genetic base of these traits. Here, we have carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with the aim to identify genomic regions and the candidate genes
The breakup of the L-chondrite parent body in the asteroid belt 466 million years (Ma) ago still delivers almost a third of all meteorites falling on Earth. Our new extraterrestrial chromite and 3He data for Ordovician sediments show that the breakup took place just at the onset of a major, eustatic sea level fall previously attributed to an Ordovician ice age. Shortly after the breakup, the flux
BACKGROUND: The gut microbiome is an important determinant of human health. Its composition has been shown to be influenced by multiple environmental factors and likely by host genetic variation. In the framework of the Milieu Intérieur Consortium, a total of 1000 healthy individuals of western European ancestry, with a 1:1 sex ratio and evenly stratified across five decades of life (age 20-69), w
Algorithms for Massive MIMO uplink detection are typically based on a centralized approach, by which baseband data from all antenna modules need to be routed to a central node for further processing. In the case of Massive MIMO, where hundreds or thousands of antennas are expected in the base-station, such architecture requires high interconnection bandwidth between antennas and the central node.
Time-varying spatially-coupled low-density parity-check convolutional codes (SC-LDPC-CCs) exhibit excellent features, but their representation requires a very large number of parameters. On the other hand, the description of time-invariant SC-LDPC-CCs is very convenient and their error rate performance, though usually worse, is often satisfactory. In this paper we investigate the girth properties
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is becoming a mature technology, and has been approved for standardization in the 5G space. Although there are many papers on the theoretical analysis of massive MIMO, the majority of relevant work assumes the simplified, yet overly idealistic, Kronecker-type model for spatial correlation. Motivated by the deficiencies of the Kronecker model, we invoke
Between 15 and 27kyrb2k (thousands of years before 2000CE) during the last glacial, Greenland experienced a prolonged cold stadial phase, interrupted by two short-lived warm interstadials. Greenland ice-core calcium data show two periods, preceding the interstadials, of anomalously high atmospheric dust loading, the origin of which is not well understood. At approximately the same time as the Gree
During solar storms, large amounts of solar energetic particles (SEP) are accelerated into the interplanetary medium and sometimes hit Earth. These events, known as SEP events, can have harmful impacts on our modern society by affecting spacecrafts and potentially astronauts in space. The first directly observed solar storm was the Carrington event in 1859 which is linked to disruptions of the tel
Soil erosion has created landscape problems in many parts of the world and in particular in cold regions where the sensitive permafrost conditions have changed due to climate warming. Such a case occurred in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which has been strongly affected by global warming and human activities. Monitoring technologies, like remote sensing and field surveys were used to explore soil eros
The coastal cliffs in Klaksvík (Borðoyar Bay) are the only known locality with Eemian sediments in the Faroe Islands. Previous studies carried out there focused on the sedimentology, tephra chemistry, paleoecology including aquatic environment, or the age of the deposits. In the lacustrine, clayey to silty gyttja we collected scattered wood fragments, identified as Larix sp., Pinus sp., Taxus sp.
The thymus is the primary lymphoid organ where naïve T cells are generated; however, with the exception of age, the parameters that govern its function in healthy humans remain unknown. We characterized the variability of thymic function among 1000 age- and sex-stratified healthy adults of the Milieu Intérieur cohort, using quantification of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in peripheral b
Highly oxygenated multifunctional compounds (HOMs) play a key role in new particle formation (NPF), but their quantitative roles in different environments of the globe have not been well studied yet. Frequent NPF events were observed at two flagship stations under different environmental conditions, i.e. a remote boreal forest site (SMEAR II) in Finland and a suburban site (SORPES) in polluted eas
In this paper we present a Bayesian framework for utilizing the amplitude information of multipath components (MPCs) in radio-signal-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The developed algorithm exploits the complex amplitudes of MPC parameters that are provided by the radio channel parameter estimator. With this information, the algorithm can adapt the probabilities of detecting fea
In this paper, we study sliding window decoding of braided convolutional codes (BCCs) in the context of a streaming application, where decoder error propagation can be a serious problem. A window extension algorithm and a resynchronization mechanism are introduced to mitigate the effect of error propagation. In addition, we introduce a soft bit-error-rate stopping rule to reduce computational comp
Ice cores are excellent archives for obtaining long and continuous 10Be records. However, traditional ice core 10Be measurements required a lot of ice (0.5–1kg) and often needed to be connected to a large and costly ice core project. These reasons have been the factors limiting the number and variety of 10Be projects and data. In this paper, we show measurements of 10Be on small samples (∼45g) of
Radiocarbon (14C), as a consequence of its production in the atmosphere and subsequent dispersal through the carbon cycle, is a key tracer for studying the Earth system. Knowledge of past 14C levels improves our understanding of climate processes, the Sun, the geodynamo, and the carbon cycle. Recently updated radiocarbon calibration curves (IntCal20, SHCal20, and Marine20) provide unprecedented ac
Differences between 10Be records from Greenland and Antarctica over the last 100 years have led to different conclusions about past changes in solar activity. The reasons for this disagreement remain unresolved. We analyze a seasonally resolved 10Be record from a firn core (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling [NEEM] ice core project) in Northwestern Greenland for 1887–2002. By comparing the NEEM d
