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This chapter focuses on the Arctic since ocean-land interactions are more important for the Arctic than the Antarctic carbon cycle. It explores the complexity of connections between the ocean and land of the North Pole region, and possible impacts on greenhouse gas exchange and lateral carbon flows thereof. Ocean-land interactions in the Arctic integrate the terrestrial and marine environments. Th
This chapter describes the Back to the Future (BTF) approach with illustrations of different data sets and their conclusions and stimulates the growth of such studies. The BTF Project included several studies that "discovered" old data sets, digitized them, carried out analyses and made data and analyses available in publications. An important aspect of the BTF approach is that the evidence of cha
This paper presents a receiver front end with improved blocker handling implemented in a 65-nm CMOS technology. Since close-in blockers are challenging to reject at RF, the receiver features a baseband (BB) notch filter, which effectively sinks close-in blocker current directly from the output of an LNTA and passive mixer structure. The notch-filter frequency can be tuned to match the blocker offs
Today's IT organizations must ensure that IT services are aligned to business needs and actively support ongoing business processes. This means that internal IT service management processes are under constant improvement. However, to be able to know if the IT service provision develops in the right direction, there is a need to perform some kind of self-assessment of IT process maturity. In this p
Air-to-air refueling is a vital technique for extending the range and endurance of manned or unmanned aircraft, with over 1000 refueling procedures flown per day in military operations. The hardware used for air-to-air refueling needs to be tailored to the specific aircraft and airspeeds involved, performing markedly different for permutations of tanker and receiver craft. Extensive flight testing
Optimization problems with rank constraints appear in many diverse fields such as control, machine learning, and image analysis. Since the rank constraint is nonconvex, these problems are often approximately solved via convex relaxations. Nuclear norm regularization is the prevailing convexifying technique for dealing with these types of problem. This paper introduces a family of low-rank inducing
Despite the creativity of the scientific community and the funding agencies, the underlying model of computation behind IoT, WSN, cloud, edge, fog, and mist is fundamentally the same; Computational nodes which are dynamically interconnected to form a system in where both processing capacity and connectivity may vary over time. On top of such a system, we consider applications that need packets to
In this thesis, a class of linear time-invariant systems is identified for which a particular type of H-infinity optimal control problem can be solved explicitly. It follows that the synthesized controller can be given on a simple explicit form. More specifically, the controller can be written in terms of the matrices of the system’s state-space representation. The result has applications in the c
Providing information security is crucial for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices, platforms in which the available power budget is very limited. This paper tackles this challenge and presents a cryptographic processor compliant with the security algorithms specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) standard. The proposed processor
Statistical model results suggest that the declining growth rate from autumn to spring is the key to cause El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) spring persistence barrier (SPB). Using a dynamical approach, we develop the physical mechanisms responsible for ENSO SPB in the framework of recharge oscillator by adding a seasonally varying Bjerknes (BJ) stability index and linking it with ENSO growth ra
The proliferation of connected embedded devices, or the Internet of Things (IoT), together with recent advances in machine intelligence, will change the profile of future cloud services and introduce a variety of new research problems centered around empowering resource-limited edge devices to exhibit intelligent behavior, both in sensing and control. Cloud services will enable learning from data,
This thesis treats the intersection between two of the largest transformations we are seeing within our society today; the cloud and the Internet-of-Things (IoT). The aim of this thesis is to investigate different ways to model and control a network of cloud services so that timing-critical IoT applications can make use of them. Examples of such applications can be autonomous and mobile robots, sm
Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter1–3, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is not known and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or empirically based estimates5,6. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux f
High-energy linear particle accelerators enable exploration of the microscopic structure of pharmaceuticals, solar cells, fuel cells, high-temperature superconductors, and the universe itself. These accelerators accelerate charged particles using oscillating magnetic fields that are confined in metal cavities. The amplitudes and phases of the electromagnetic fields need to be accurately controlled
Modeling is fundamental to both feed-forward and feedback control. Within automated anesthesia the two paradigms are usually referred to as target-controlled infusion (TCI) and closed-loop drug delivery, respectively. In both cases, the objective is to control a system with anesthetic drug infusion rate as input, and (measured) clinical effect as output. The input is related to the output through
Control theory has contributed a set of foundational techniques to handle "change" at runtime in software applications. These techniques however have fundamental limitations as well: (i) they require the development and understanding of mathematical models; (ii) synthesizing solutions is often done on a per-problem basis, discouraging flexibility and generality. Software engineering, as a discipli
Devices sharing a network compete for bandwidth, being able to transmit only a limited amount of data. This is for example the case with a network of cameras, that should record and transmit video streams to a monitor node for video surveillance. Adaptive cameras can reduce the quality of their video, thereby increasing the frame compression, to limit network congestion. In this paper, we exploit
A wideband 65-nm CMOS power amplifier (PA) is presented, with a decade frequency range from 600 MHz to 6.0 GHz. In this frequency range, the output power exceeds 26.6 dBm and the power gain and power-added efficiency (PAE) exceed 18.1 dB and 49%, respectively. For a 7.5-dB peak-to-average-power-ratio (PAPR) long term evolution (LTE) signal at 1.9 GHz, the circuit provides an average output power o
A continuous-time, 65-nm CMOS, front-end for processing DNA sequencing measurements from biological nanopore sensors is presented. The measured design has an input referred noise floor of 8.5\;{\text{fA}}/\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} for 100 pA DC current while consuming 10X less power. The chip also consists of an integrated ADC.
