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Although genotype-by-environment interaction has long been used to unveil the genetic variation that affects Darwinian fitness, the mechanisms underlying the interaction usually remain unknown. Genetic variation at the dimeric glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi) has been observed to interact with temperature to explain the variation in the individual performance of the butterfly Melitaea
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are an enabling solid-state technology for low light sensing, with single photon sensitivity and photon number resolving capability. They feature an extremely high internal gain at the 106 level, comparable to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), with the advantage of low operating voltage (~50 V compared to ~1000 V for PMT) and low energy consumption. The solid-state tec
This article presents two types of advanced heat exchangers: high-temperature heat exchangers (HTHEs) and compact heat exchangers (CHEs). Design materials selection and coolants for high temperatures are described. As a promising HTHE and a CHE, printed circuit heat exchanger has been outlined. Micro/mini-channel heat exchanger and foam heat exchanger, as two types of CHEs, are also described. Var
We examine consumer certainty of future preferences and overconfidence in predicting future preferences. We explore how preference certainty and overconfidence impact the option value to revise today’s decisions in the future. We design a laboratory experiment that creates a controlled choice environment, in which a subject's choice set (over food snacks) is known and constant over time, and the t
Block transmission over noisy communication channels is characterized by two performance criteria: the bit error probability P/sub b/ and the block error probability P/sub B/. If P/sub B/ goes to zero when N/spl rarr//spl infin/ (where N denotes the length of the permutors), P/sub b/ also must go to zero for all symbols in the block but, in general, the reverse is not true. Therefore we formulate
The development of new therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes requires robust, reproducible and well validated in vivo experimental systems. Mice provide the most ideal animal model for studies of potential therapies. Unlike larger animals, mice have a short gestational period, are genetically similar, often give birth to many offspring at once and can be housed as multiple groups in a sin
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisytem degenerative disorder. In addition to motor symptoms such as akinesia, rigidity and tremor, various non-motor symptoms occur, which are still insufficiently diagnosed. Moreover, the frequently used scales and scores do not adequately detect these non-motor symptoms. The Non-motor Symptoms Questionnaire (NMSQuest) is an established self-completed
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) and arterial thrombosis have been thought to result from two different mechanisms. Recent data indicate that the two diseases may share some common risk factors, such as the activity of inflammation on haemostasis. In this population-based study we explored whether raised levels of inflammation-sensitive plasma markers (ISPs) increase the risk for venous thromboembolis
Particle size distributions and hygroscopic growth were studied in a town in Sweden with extensive emissions from wood combustion. The average deposited fraction of particle number, surface area and volume dose in the human respiratory tract was estimated using the data set, as well as the typical deposition pattern of the two dominant particle source types: wood combustion and traffic exhaust. As
Learning from incidents is important for improving safety. Many companies spend a great deal of time and money on such learning procedures. The objectives of this paper are to present some early results from a project aimed at revealing weaknesses in the procedures for learning from incidents and to discuss improvements in these procedures, especially in chemical process industries. The empirical
The ability of particles to activate and form cloud droplets influences the functioning of the Earth's hydrological cycle. This work links the particle water uptake at subsaturation to the critical supersaturation ratio needed for particles to become cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Five models using the particle hygroscopic growth at subsaturation for predicting the critical supersaturation neede
Popular Abstract in Swedish Idag kan vi mäta mycket låga halter av gifter i t. ex. dricksvatten och livsmedel, bland annat genom utvecklingen av nanosensorer. Sensorerna kan också använda's medicinskt, t. ex för att väsentligt underlätta livet för diabetiker. Idag drabba's diabetespatienter ofta av nedsatt känsel i fingrarna på grund av dagliga nålstick. Med hjälp av de nya sensorerna kan vi nu mäA new type of Bioelectronic Nanosensor Device with potential applications in medicine,biotechnology and environmental analysis was designed. The nanosensor is based on RISFET (Regional Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor) technology. The design of the nanosensor involves use of a set of nano-sized electrodes on the surface of a silicon chip, giving the chip the ability to sense extremely low con
Popular Abstract in Swedish Arbetet har bestått av att dels experimentellt samt dels med hjälp av matematiska modeller undersöka och kartlägga förloppen för nya samt "gamla" metoder att rena rökgaser från kol- och olje eldade kraftverk.Combustion of fossil fuels is the main source for emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Emission regulations and the growing environmental awareness will make great demands upon cost-effective deSO2 and deNOx techniques in the future. Many of the techniques available today have been on the market for a long time, however, most of them still have a potential for improvement. To be able t
