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The surface-localized M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes is a major virulence factor that inhibits phagocytosis, as determined ex vivo. Because little is known about the role of M protein in vivo we analyzed the contribution of different M protein regions to virulence, using the fibrinogen (Fg)-binding M5 protein and a mouse model of acute invasive infection. This model was suitable, because M5 i

Bioenergy is the largest energy source in the Swedish energy system, where it consists mainly of domestic forest-based biomass in the form of residues and by-products. Today, there is a general discussion about the need for changes in national forest management policies and new European Union (EU) directives and regulations for forestry and bioenergy to better fulfil biodiversity and climate targe

This study aimed to investigate the influence of stroke lesions in predefined highly interconnected (rich-club) brain regions on functional outcome post-stroke, determine their spatial specificity and explore the effects of biological sex on their relevance. We analyzed MRI data recorded at index stroke and ~3-months modified Rankin Scale (mRS) data from patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolle

BACKGROUND: Genuine Euro-Collins solution is calcium free. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of calcium would improve its capacity to preserve the vasculature. METHODS: The infrarenal aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated in organ baths: as fresh controls, after 24 hours of cold (4 degrees C) storage in Euro-Collins solution, or in Euro-Collins solution with the

A number of specific chromosomal abnormalities define the subgroups of multiple myeloma. In a meta-analysis of two genome-wide association studies of multiple myeloma including a total of 1,661 affected individuals, we investigated risk for developing a specific tumor karyotype. The t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in which CCND1 is placed under the control of the immunoglobulin heavy chain enhance

Renewable energy sources of heat offer the substantial economic, environmental and social benefits associated with renewable electricity but policy to support their expansion is considerably less advanced. The potential for applying various support instruments to renewable heat is considered with advantages and disadvantages discussed. (c) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Basement membranes (BMs) are sheet-like structures of extracellular matrix. They act as a supporting structure but can also significantly influence cellular behavior in development, tissue homeostasis and disease. Laminins, a major BM component, are multidomain proteins, consisting of three polypeptide chains (α, β and γ). During pregastrulation development, stem cells convert and epithelial tissu

The gene encoding the Drosophila protein phosphatase 2A 55 kd regulatory subunit (PR55) is located at 85F and directs the synthesis of differentially spliced transcripts. Maternal RNAs are present at very high levels in early embryos and decline around cellularization. Zygotic transcripts are present mainly in the developing embryonic nervous system and gonads. Transcripts are uniformly distribute

The current rate of residential building renovations in Europe is inadequate and attributable to the lack of integrated solutions in the market supported by appropriate business models. One-stop-shop (OSS) offers an innovative business approach, and it is acknowledged by the European Commission, in the Directive 2018/844/EU, as a transparent advisory and facilitating tool for the establishment of

Background: Collider bias is often considered a potential explanation when the association between obesity and disease diagnosis differs from that with disease outcome, as seen in the “obesity paradox.” For prostate cancer (PCa), in particular localized PCa, an “inverse” obesity paradox has been observed, where body mass index (BMI) is negatively associated with diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] ~0.9 p

In spite of frequent discussions of misuse and misunderstanding of probability values (P-values) they still appear in most scientific publications, and the disadvantages of erroneous and simplistic P-value interpretations grow with the number of scientific publications. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage prefer confidence intervals. This is a brief discussion of problems surrounding P-values and confide

This paper examines the source of price discovery for Islamic stocks. We pair a large number of Islamic stocks to country-specific index futures and estimate price discovery using a vector error correction model. The results obtained using data for 19 countries suggest that for most countries (63% of the sample) price discovery is dominated by the spot market. We show that for these countries, a m

One of the basic requirements of today's sophisticated world is the availability of electrical energy, and neglect of this matter may have irreparable damages such as an extensive blackout. The problems which were introduced about the traditional power grid, and also, the growing advances in smart technologies make the traditional power grid go towards smart power grid. Although widespread utilisa