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The aim of this study is to analyse the Swedish national curriculum from a Marxist perspective. I aim to examine how a Marxist reading can aid in our understanding of not only the document itself and the ideological views portrayed in it, but also the implications this has for English teachers in Sweden today. The schooling which takes place in classrooms, as well as outside of them, is political
This paper examines the increasing use of bilateral investment treaties as instruments of foreign investment protection. The outcomes of treaty arbitrations are analysed to assess the extent to which treaties limit the economic policy choices available to host states. The disputes are also analysed to determine how such treaties may affect the development of legal institutions and the general appl
The aim of this study is two folded. We wish to investigate if there is a value premium from hedging jet fuel exposure for American and European airlines. We also seek to answer if airlines can affect their probability to default by using Risk Management. During the period 2003 – 2006 there existed a value premium for airlines that hedged their expected future consumption of jet fuel. This premium
Whether executed as full-scale war or acts short of war, acts of aggression have consistently shaped the history of humankind. Acts of aggression would not occur if it were not for the involvement of individuals. The historical development of aggression in international law has seen a shift from a regime solely focusing on the unlawfulness of the action by States, to include the unlawfulness of th
Public participation in environmental decision-making has been increasingly recognised in national, regional and international law in the last decades. In parallel, the World Bank - an inter-state development bank and international organisation - has developed a set of safeguard policies including provisions on public participation in environmental decision-making. Public participation is about re
This paper develops a theoretical approach towards understanding treaty opt-outs from EU common policies by drawing on Putnam’s Two-Level Games theory. In doing so, the paper first presents treaty opt-outs as defections from negotiations by looking at previous research regarding opt-outs. Then, the paper goes on to concentrate on different European integration theories in order to explain their sh
Thesis Purpose: This thesis investigates users of crowdfunding platforms in order to further the insight into understanding what affects their motives and behaviour. The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as peer influence is investigated. Theoretical Perspective: This study is grounded on the limited theories surrounding crowdfunding and crowdsourcing, as well as rele
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Conodonterna var en framgångsrik och diversifierad marin djurgrupp som levde från ungefär mellankambrium (~ 500 Ma) till slutet av trias (200 Ma). Från ett fåtal bevarade avtryck vet man att djuren var långsmala, endast några cm långa och hade fenor. Avtrycken är svårtolkade, men mycket tyder på att conodonterna var förhållandevis avancerade och kanske till och Elements from the Ordovician conodont genus Protopanderodus Lindström, 1971 have been investigated to provide a model of reconstruction of the oral apparatus of this genus. In total, 4202 elements from the only five species representing Protopanderodus in the Swedish Middle Ordovician conodont fauna were included in the study. Four of the species, P. rectus, P. robustus, P. graeai and P. parvibasi
The purpose of the study has been to gain an understanding of how socio-cultural structures and gender norms affect young women’s leadership possibilities. This has been explored through a qualitative case study focusing on how young women leaders, working with sexual and reproductive health rights issues, experience and pursue leadership in Zimbabwe. A theoretical framework based on contextual an
Realising social justice has been one of the central goals of the International Labour Organisation since its inception. Yet today the unique environment and dangers associated with working at sea make the world’s 1.2 million seafarers a particularly vulnerable group, both in terms of their physical safety and mental wellbeing, and concerning the realisation of social justice. Social justice is a
It is a common practise to quote option prices using their BlackScholes implied volatility. A volatility surface describes an options implied volatility as a function of the strike price and time to maturity. It can be used as a tool for hedging but also valuation when prices are not directly observable. The short-term evolution of this surface has been described by a variety of apocryphal rules.
This thesis work is part of a larger project with final goal to be able to measure the oxygen concentration in the lungs of infants, using non-invasive laser spectroscopy. This thesis is specifically dealing with simulations of light transport through the upper body of infants, as well as constructing a tissue-like model (phantom) that can be used in experiments. The goal is to use these simulatio
In August 2017, a deadly crackdown by Myanmar’s army on Rohingya Muslims sent hundreds of thousands fleeing across the border into Bangladesh. The situation in Myanmar has escalated over the last few years. Mass displacements of refugees, sustained allegations of crimes against humanity, and a large-scale intervention has propelled the conflict to centre stage of international human rights. The si
