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Introduction: The timed 'Up & Go' (TUG) is a performance test identifying problems in functional mobility. More knowledge on how the type of chair used influences test results is needed. Objective: To investigate inter-rater agreement on the time score and to assess if chair type used influenced the performance of the test. Setting: (1) Inter-rater agreement investigation on the time score was
A macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), originally described as a product of activated lymphocytes, has been defined as a 12 kDa protein, expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Here MIF is identified as a phenylpyruvate tautomerase (EC 5.3.2.1) having p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and phenylpyruvate as its natural substrates. The definition of MIF as an enzyme may yield insight into the mechani
BACKGROUND: Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been suggested to be involved in the development and course of acute pancreatitis. In the present study we measured plasma CCK concentrations in acute experimental pancreatitis (AEP) in the rat, and evaluated the role of circulating CCK levels on the initial pancreatic damage in pancreatitis. METHODS: Endogenous hyperCCKemia was induced by surgical biliodigest
The identity of the enzymes responsible for lipase and cholesterol esterase activities in the small intestinal mucosa is not known. Because hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of acylglycerols and cholesteryl esters, we sought to determine whether HSL could be involved. HSL mRNA and protein were detected in all segments of the small intestine by Northern and Western blot analys
This study analysed demand for 12 metals in global climate mitigation scenarios up to 2060 and quantified the impacts on demand of different assumptions on improvements and technological mix. Annual and cumulative demands were compared with reserves and current mining rates. The study results showed that reserves are sufficient to support the total level of solar power, wind power and electric mot
In astrophysics, the ‘Goldilocks Zone’ describes the circumstellar habitable zone, in which planets, sufficiently similar to Earth, could support human life. The children’s story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, one of the most popular fairy tales in the English language, uses this metaphor to describe conditions for life that are neither too hot nor too cold and neither too close to the sun nor
In this commentary, I will review the latest findings on the Bicoid (Bcd) morphogen in Drosophila, a paradigm for gradient formation taught to biology students for more than two decades. "Seeing is believing" also summarizes the erroneous steps that were needed to elucidate the mechanisms of gradient formation and the path of movement of Bcd. Initially proclaimed as a dogma in 1988 and later incor
Although treaty abuse is an increasingly occurring element in international legal arguments, especially in the sphere of international economic law, the concept is still viewed by many lawyers as suspicious, for several reasons. First, lawyers have doubts about the legal status of the treaty abuse doctrine. Second, as many lawyers would seem to believe, the concept of treaty abuse is imprecise-it
The human kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) and the transcribed pseudogene KLKP1 are reported to be highly expressed in the prostate. When trying to clone transcripts of KLKP1, we partly failed. Instead, we identified an androgen-regulated transcript, KLK4T2, which appeared to be a splice variant of KLK4 that also contained exons of KLKP1. Expression analysis of KLK4, KLK4T2, and KLKP1 transcr
Sensors used for control have become widespread in water resources recovery facilities during the strive for resource efficient operations. However, their accuracy is reliant on uncertain laboratory measurements, which are used for calibration and, in turn, to correct for sensor drift. At the same time, current sensor calibration practices are lacking clear theoretical understanding of how measure
Context. The HR 1614 is an overdensity in velocity space and has for a long time been known as an old (2 Gyr) and metal-rich ([Fe=H] +0:2) nearby moving group that has a dissolving open cluster origin. The existence of such old and metal-rich groups in the solar vicinity is quite unexpected since the vast majority of nearby moving groups are known to be young. Aims. In the light of new and signifi
The existence of a uniform phase at the alveolar surface is demonstrated by polarizing microscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Rabbit lungs were opened and the alveolar surface film was directly deposited on optical microscope coverslips and on electron microscope grids. In the polarizing microscope, the alveolar surface material deposited exhibits a uniform birefring
