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Light-harvesting in fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein (FCP) of diatoms is performed by a cluster of chromophores: chlorophylls a (Chl a), chlorophylls c(2) (Chl c(2)), and carotenoids fucoxanthins. It is well-known that energy captured by fucoxanthin is transferred to Chl a on a subpicosecond time scale. However, the energy flow channel connecting Chl c(2) and Chl a remained elusive. In this study,

This work shows a unique possibility of visualizing the exponential intensity decay due to light extinction, when laser radiation propagates through a homogeneous scattering medium. This observation implies that the extracted intensity mostly originates from single scattering events. The filtering of this single light scattering intensity is performed by means of a single-phase structured illumina

This article considers recent legal developments on undocumented migrant workers, finds the acceptance of international legal standards unsatisfactory and argues that the private law rights derived from the "semi-legal" employment contract between the employer and the undocumented migrant worker generates a solid base for significant legal claims. It further monitors the promotion of the position

A novel method for two-dimensional fluorescence lifetime imaging is presented. The technique is demonstrated on averaged planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) signals recorded in a flame. Although demonstrated on averaged images, the concept applies equally well to single-shot images. Formaldehyde was probed through pico-second excitation at 355 nm in a rich methane/oxygen flame (Phi = 2.6). Im

Instabilities in planetary systems can result in the ejection of planets from their host system, resulting in free-floating planets (FFPs). If this occurs in a star cluster, the FFP may remain bound to the star cluster for some time and interact with the other cluster members until it is ejected. Here, we use N-body simulations to characterize close star-planet and planet-planet encounters and the

We use N-body simulations of star cluster evolution to explore the hypothesis that short-lived radioactive isotopes found in meteorites, such as Al-26, were delivered to the Sun's protoplanetary disc from a supernova at the epoch of Solar system formation. We cover a range of star cluster formation parameter space and model both clusters with primordial substructure and those with smooth profiles.

Background: Photoallergic contact dermatitis (PACD) is an uncommon condition, and there is a lack of validated criteria for its diagnosis. Objective: To identify a set of relevant criteria to be considered when suspecting a diagnosis of PACD and to assess the reproducibility of these criteria. Methods: This was a diagnostic item selection and reliability study performed between July 2012 and Octob

Members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family play pivotal roles in the control of differentiation, proliferation and tolerance in peripheral T cells. Recently, they have been implicated in thymic selection, but their role is so far not well characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that specific thymocyte populations are under the influence of either the TGF-beta and/or Ac

We discuss the age of the stellar disks in the solar neighborhood. After reviewing the various methods for age dating, we discuss current estimates of the ages of both the thin- and the thick disks. We present preliminary results for kineymatically-selected stars that belong to the thin- as well as the thick disk. All of these dwarf and sub-giant stars have been studied spectroscopically and we ha

Rotational Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) has the last decades been developed into a useful tool for thermometry and concentration measurements in combustion. In this paper, we present a novel polarization approach of the technique, which will enhance its potential and widen the range of conditions at which it can be utilized. The theory of the polarization approach is described in

Aerosolsammansättningen i ett renluftsområde i Mellansverige (Velen) har studerats under en årscykel. Aerosolpartiklarna har uppdelats efter aerodynamisk storlek i 7 fraktioner. Varje fraktion från 113 provtagningstillfällen har analyserats m a p svavel och tungmetaller m h a partikelinducerad röntgenstrålning s k PIXE-analys. Resultaten påvisar variationer i ämneskoncentrationer mellan enskilda m

Aim: To evaluate vibration perception thresholds of patients with and without diabetes, before and after surgical carpal tunnel release. of patients with and without diabetes. Methods: In a prospective study, 35 consecutive patients with diabetes and carpal tunnel syndrome were age and gender matched with 31 patients without diabetes having idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Preoperatively, 6, 12

With the recent expansions of the European Union, there are now 12 new member states that are implementing European policy. One of these policies, with implications for energy production and security, is the Common Agricultural Policy. This article will focus on the impact the Common Agricultural Policy can have on farmers in Poland who have been encouraged by calls to cultivate energy crops. In a

Ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy has been used to investigate the excited-state dynamics of the basic eumelanin building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA), its acetylated, methylated, and carboxylic ester derivatives, and two oligomers, a dimer and a trimer in the O-acetylated forms. The results show that (1) excited-state decays are faster for the trimer relativ

Ischemic and epileptic insults promote neurogenesis from neural stem cells located in the dentate subgranular zone and in the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles. These findings raise the possibility that the adult brain tries to use its own stem cells to repair itself. New neurons generated by ischemic insults have now been shown to migrate from the subventricular zone and posterior

SOX9 is a transcription factor of the SRY family that regulates sex determination, cartilage development and numerous other developmental events. In the foetal growth plate, Sox9 is highly expressed in chondrocytes of the proliferating and prehypertrophic zone but declines abruptly in the hypertrophic zone, suggesting that Sox9 downregulation in hypertrophic chondrocytes might be a necessary step