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E-business is becoming more and more common today. The predictions of future growth give clear indications that companies will use e-business more and more. However in the growth of e-business it has been identified that there is a common lack of understanding in customer needs and logistics. In order to reduce some of this non-understanding this thesis seeks answers to the following question: - H

Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: När udda blir mainstream - om stress och likriktning i växtsamhället I skogen råder stress på många sätt, och precis som i det mänskliga samhället har stressen i växtsamhället ökat under de senaste decennierna. Dessa händelser har heller inte skett oberoende av varandra. Vårt allt snabbare tempo med krav på ökad tillväxt har inte baSoil acidification has become a source of serious concern in many parts of the world. In southern Sweden, the deposition of acidifying substances, such as nitrogen and sulphur compounds, has decreased the mean pH of forest soils by almost one unit since the 1950s. Apart from H+ ions themselves being harmful to plant roots, the potential toxicity of aluminium (Al) is increased when pH drops below 5

The interactions between uncharged polymers, e.g. ethyl(hydroxylethyl)cellulose (EHEC) and some model polymers, and ionic surfactants in aqueous solution has been studied by using isothermal titration and differential scanning calorimetry. We found that titration calorimetry could give quite detailed information about polymer - surfactant interactions. Values for the critical aggregation concentra

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett beta-fosfoglukomutas i kolhydrat-metabolismen hos Lactococcus lactisPhosphoglucomutase (PGM) catalyzes the reversible conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate. Two distinct forms of PGM have been purifed and charactierized in Lactococcus lactis growing on maltose: one specific for the alpha-isomer, and the other specific for the beta-isomer of glucose 1-phosphate. Beta-PGM was purified and polyclonal antisera to the enzyme were generated. Beta-PGM

Popular Abstract in Swedish Patienter med kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom, KOL, har en försämrad lungfunktion och lider av bronkit och andnöd. Dessa symptom beror troligtvis på en ständigt pågående inflammation i lungan som dels leder till ökad slemproduktion och förträngning av luftrören, dels till emfysem dvs. nedbrytning av lungvävnaden vilket försämrar gasutbytet i lungan. Cigarrettrökning är Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, is manifested by chronic airflow limitation due to inflammation and tissue destruction in the lungs. COPD is caused primarily by smoking and with increasing cigarette consumption in the world, the prevalence for COPD will most probably increase in the future. The chronic inflammation in the lungs of these patients is thought to drive the pathogenesis fo

Northern Europe was capped by ice during Weichsel (Wurm), the maximum of which occurred approximately 18,000 years before present. When in the latter part of the 19(th) century the view of an all-devastating land ice (the tabula rasa hypothesis) was generally adopted by natural scientists, plant biogeographers used a simple model predicting a post-glacial, northwards re-migration of species in con

Antigenic variation of surface proteins allows microorganisms to evade the immune system of the infected host. This phenomenon represents an apparent paradox, because the variable protein must retain an important function, while its antigenic properties vary extensively. The surface associated M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes, a common human pathogen, exhibits antigenic variation due to an N-te

Climate warming is more pronounced in the Arctic than in other parts of the world. This warming affects the terrestrial cryosphere including permafrost with consequences ranging from societal impacts to changes in hydrology and feedbacks in the climate system such as those imposed by changing greenhouse gas exchanges. Permafrost dynamics in a marginal zone for its very existence is in this context

The plant plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase is a predominant membrane enzyme that provides the energy for secondary active transport across the plasma membrane. Consequently, the H⁺-ATPase is thought to play a major role in many cell processes, and it is implicated to be regulated by a number of factors, including hormones, blue light, and fungal toxins The plant plasma membrane H

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning Mänskliga aktiviteter och klimatförändringar påverkar vegetationen över hela jorden, idag och i framtiden. Denna påverkan kan studeras och kvantifieras med hjälp av observationer från satelliter vilka förmedlar information om vegetationsförändringar i tid och rum. I denna doktorsavhandling har metoder för analys av vegetationsförändringar utvecklats och Abstract This thesis aims to advance the analysis of nonlinear trends in time series of vegetation data from Earth observation satellite sensors. This is accomplished by developing fast, efficient methods suitable for large volumes of data. A set of methods, tools, and a framework are developed and verified using data from regions containing vegetation change hotspots. First, a polynomial-fittin

An effective uptake/absorption of drug formulations involve many processes; one being the transport of the active molecule through the mucus layer. The mucus layer is a complex mixture of biological molecules. Among them, mucin is the molecule that mainly provides the gel properties of the layer. Thus, the in-vivo physico-chemical properties of the mucus can to a first approximation be mimicked by

Popular Abstract in Swedish En studie av hur glokokortikoider hämmar inflammation Glukokortikosteroider, varav kortison är den mest kända, är hormoner som reglerar många funktioner i kroppen och även används som läkemedel för att dämpa inflammatoriska tillstånd som t.ex. astma och reumatiska sjukdomar. Glukokortikosteroider är mycket potenta läkemedel och används flitigt med mycket goda effekter.The aim of this investigation has been to study mechanisms by which glucocorticoids inhibit inflammatory processes in vitro. Type IV cytosolic 85 kDa phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is an important modulator of inflammatory responses that is present in macrophages as well as in other cell types. In macrophages, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (dex) was found to reduce the expression of cPLA2 a

Skogar har en positiv inverkan på halten av växthusgaser i atmosfären eftersom de binder koldioxid via fotsyntesen och lagrar kol i marken. Dessutom utgör många skogar en betydande sänka för växthusgasen metan. Upptaget av metan sker i väl syresatta marker genom oxidation utförd av metanotrofa bakterier. Däremot sker en nettoproduktion av metan i syrefattiga skogsmarker när mikroorganismer, s.k. aPopular Abstract in English Forests have a positive impact on the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because they absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and store carbon in the soil. Moreover, many forests function as a sink for the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). The uptake of CH4 takes place in well-aerated soils through oxidation by methanotrophic bacteria. However, there is a net

During the latest years the research on the effects of moisture on clothing system has been boosted. New information has revealed phenomena, e.g. “heat pipe” effect with its condensation-evaporation cycle(s) that has not been considered earlier in prediction of physiological reactions or evaluating clothing properties. Considering the material properties, e.g. the evaporative resistance measuremen

Atmospheric organic aerosols are generally classified as primary and secondary (POA and SOA) according to their formation processes. An actual separation, however, is challenging when the timescales of emission and gas-to-particle formation overlap. The presence of SOA formation in biomass burning plumes leads to scientific questions about whether the oxidized fraction of biomass burning aerosol i

Background Acute pyelonephritis is a common infection in adult women, but there is a paucity of controlled trials of its treatment and the optimum duration of antibiotic treatment has not been properly defined. We compared the efficacy of ciprofloxacin for 7 days and 14 days in women with community-acquired acute pyelonephritis. Methods In a prospective, non-inferiority trial undertaken at 21 cent