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Disturbance of the bacterial communities in drinking water produced from established and newly-built slow sand filters

IntroductionSlow sand filtration is an established method for drinking water treatment, however, the knowledge about their microbial ecology remains limited. Maintenance of slow sand filters (SSF) includes washing to remove biofilm growth in the sand and restore flow through the filter. Understanding how this impacts produced water is important as the SSF may influence the bacterial flora in the f

Peripheral blood monocyte-derived chemokine blockade prevents murine transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality and can occur with any type of transfusion. TRALI is thought to be primarily mediated by donor antibodies activating recipient neutrophils resulting in pulmonary endothelial damage. Nonetheless, details regarding the interactions between donor antibodies and recipient factors are unknown. A murine a

Severe streptococcal infection is associated with M protein-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation.

Disturbed haemostasis is a central finding in severe Streptococcus pyogenes infection. In particular, microthrombi are found both at the local site of infection and at distant sites. Platelets are responsible for maintaining vascular function and haemostasis. We report here that M1 protein of S. pyogenes triggers immune-mediated platelet activation and thrombus formation. M1 protein is released fr

Surface Properties of Antigen-Antibody Complexes

In this paper, the authors show that liquid-liquid partition chromatography in an aqueous two-phase system offers unique possibilities of comparing the overall surface properties of intact antibodies in solution before and after binding of antigen. The authors demonstrate that the surface properties of antigen-antibody complexes are dependent on the variable regions of the antibodies, the nature o

A novel multiplex fluorescent-labeling method for the visualization of mixed-species biofilms in vitro

In nature, bacteria usually exist as mixed-species biofilms, where they engage in a range of synergistic and antagonistic interactions that increase their resistance to environmental challenges. Biofilms are a major cause of persistent infections, and dispersal from initial foci can cause new infections at distal sites thus warranting further investigation. Studies of development and spatial inter