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Background: Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an accepted strategy to prevent recurrence of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) but associated with significant toxicity. Objective: NIMBUS assessed whether a reduced number of standard-dose BCG instillations are noninferior to the standard number and dose in patients with high-grade NMIBC. Design, setting, and par
Background: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is a multifactorial disorder manifested as orthostatic hypotension (OH) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). OH has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and explored.Aims and methods: Project I: We aimed to discover protein biomarkers related t
The research area of climate field reconstructions has developed strongly during the past 20 years, motivated by the need to understand the complex dynamics of the earth system in a changing climate. Climate field reconstructions aim to build a consistent gridded climate reconstruction of different variables, often from a range of climate proxies, using either statistical tools or a climate model
Deoxygenation, i.e. loss of oxygen from the oceans, often considerably influences the aquatic organisms and the wholeecosystem and changes biogeochemical cycles. It results in increasing bottom areas of hypoxia (<2 mg/l dissolved oxygen),which has been primarily attributed to global warming and increased eutrophication. It is vital to study the present-dayanthropogenically-induced environmental ch
Radar data at C-band has shown great potential for the monitoring of soil and canopy hydric conditions of wheat crops. In this study, the C-band Sentinel-1 time series including the backscattering coefficients σ0 at VV and VH polarization, the polarization ratio (PR) and the interferometric coherence ρ are first analyzed with the support of experimental data gathered on three plots of irrigated wi
Background: Speech impairments are an early feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and consequently, analysing speech performance is a promising new digital biomarker for AD screening. Future clinical AD trials on disease modifying drugs will require a shift to very early identification of individuals at risk of dementia. Hence, digital markers of language and speech may offer a method for screening
Moving from a fossil dependent to a fossil free economy requires increased energy production from renewable resources. This thesis discusses the utilization of agricultural waste streams, such as straw and manure, for biogas production. The first part of the research presented focuses on pretreatment of straw with the aim to reduce the handling issues concerning straw and improve the degradation o
Environmental pollution is a significant concern for scientists, practitioners, authorities and the society. Among the various pollutants, chlorinated solvents pose a considerable risk to our groundwater resources. These hazardous chemicals, often used in industrial processes, can contaminate soil and water, posing a threat to both human health and ecosystems. Detecting and tracking the spread of
The incorporation of water isotopologues into the hydrology of general circulation models (GCMs) facilitates the comparison between modeled and measured proxy data in paleoclimate archives. However, the variability and drivers of measured and modeled water isotopologues, as well as the diversity of their representation in different models, are not well constrained. Improving our understanding of t
Aims/hypothesis: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of kidney failure and has a substantial genetic component. Our aim was to identify novel genetic factors and genes contributing to DKD by performing meta-analysis of previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on DKD and by integrating the results with renal transcriptomics datasets. Methods: We performed GWAS meta-analyses us
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease is essential to develop preventive treatment strategies. Detectible change in brain volume emerges relatively late in the pathogenic progression of disease, but microstructural changes caused by early neuropathology may cause subtle changes in the MR signal, quantifiable using texture analysis. Texture analysis quantifies spatial patterns in an image, such as
BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates have profound effects on bone physiology, and could modify the process of metastasis. We undertook collaborative meta-analyses to clarify the risks and benefits of adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in breast cancer.METHODS: We sought individual patient data from all unconfounded trials in early breast cancer that randomised between bisphosphonate and control. Primary ou
Delirium is a serious and common condition in the intensive care unit (ICU), which affects 30-50 % of the patients and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the context of long-term outcomes. No evidence-based treatment for delirium exists, and currently, delirium is mainly treated pharmacologically with haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic agent. The “Agents Intervening against
Room acoustic simulations are an important tool, both for design of spaces with satisfactory acoustics and for use in virtual reality experiences. Auralization of acoustic simulations are becoming more and more important in the context of Virtual and Augmented reality (VR and AR respectively), as the technology is used more and more in healthcare, culture and research. In this work, ray tracing si
Insect behaviours, such as host and mate selection, are often mediated by chemical cues. The chemical cuesare detected by large and rapidly evolving families of chemoreceptors which include odorant receptors (ORs),gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). In this thesis, I used a model system of beetle(Coleoptera) species to study the functional evolution of insect ORs, their ligan
This chapter offers a reflection on the value of dialogue across media industries and academia in enhancing understanding of audience engagement and disengagement with media. The basis for this reflection is an industry-academic collaborative project between Lund University and Endemol Shine. The Media Experiences project conducted production and audience research on a range of drama and reality e
Polymer materials have wide applications in many industries, such as the food, pharmacy, construction, textile, and cosmetics industries. For the past few years, polymer materials have drawn the attention of scientists and engineers as a good disinfectant due to their advanced manufacturing methods, large surface areas, good stability, and lowcost. More importantly, polymer materials can be functi
Rotavirus (RV) infections remain the leading cause of world-wide diarrhea-associated morbidity and mortality among children <5 years of age. Despite the global introduction of RV vaccines over a decade ago, RV infections result in >200,000 deaths annually mostly in the low-income countries of Africa and Asia. Efficient clearance of the primary RV infection and protection from future re-infections
Pulchrol, a natural compound isolated from the roots of the vegetal specie Bourreria pulchra has been shown to possess potential antiparasitic activity toward Trypanosomatids, particularly against Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes the Chagas disease; and moderately against Leishmania species, responsible for Leishmaniasis. In this investigation, several pulchrol analogues were prepared and assayed t
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous blood disease which is characterized by different mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Nearly 60% of genetic alterations have been found in AML patients involve in signaling pathways including signaling of tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3. FLT3 mutations emerged as one of the most common mutations in AML which represent around 35% of all AML
