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Nigritella miniata is an alpine orchid species disjunctly endemic to the Eastern Alps and the Southeastern Carpathians. It is thought to have arisen only once through a hybridisation event between now extinct ancestors. Questions of interest are whether N. miniata survived in few or many isolated refugia in the Eastern Alps during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and their relationship with the pop

As China modernizes, its waste management capacities are put to a test. Faced by significant pressures to find a solution for growing municipal solid waste, China’s authorities have embraced waste incineration technology as a seemingly cost-efficient alternative to landfills. Against this push, significant societal opposition against the construction of waste incinerators has been mounting. Yet wh

Proton-transfer dynamics plays a critical role in many biochemical processes, such as proton pumping across membranes and enzyme catalysis. The large majority of enzymes utilize acid-base catalysis and proton-transfer mechanisms, where the rates of proton transfer can be rate limiting for the overall reaction. However, measurement of proton-exchange kinetics for individual side-chain carboxyl grou

Popular Abstract in Swedish Våra kroppar är uppbyggda av celler. Dessa celler har olika funktioner beroende på var i kroppen de finns. Varje cell tar upp näring, omvandlar den till energi, och energin används för att cellen ska kunna fortleva och utöva specialiserade funktioner samt eventuellt reproducera sig. Kolhydrater är viktiga beståndsdelar i celler. De flesta av oss förknippar kolhydrater Proteoglycans (PGs) is a class of highly anionic macromolecules that consist of one or more linear polysaccharide chains (glycosaminoglycans, GAGs) covalently attached to a core protein. The biological functions of PGs are mainly due to the interactions of GAG chains with various protein ligands and regulatory factors, such as cytokines and growth factors. PGs and GAGs are critical for a diverse s

Nature provides science and society with a virtually unlimited supply of structurally diverse and biologically active molecules; the natural products. While some are directly useful in commercial applications, others are valuable for studying and understanding biological phenomena at the molecular level. An example is the signaling of nerve cells, which has been explored in considerable detail usi

Weathering of soil minerals is important for the recovery from acidification and for the sustainability of forestry. However, there is still substantial uncertainty about its absolute rate. This study presents a harmonized comparison of field weathering rates estimated with the mechanistic model PROFILE and the depletion method for 16 intensively sampled soil profiles across Sweden representing di

Popular science: Find a suitable area for rainwater harvesting Rainwater harvesting is a technique to capture and store rainfall where it falls. The technique of water harvesting can be used for different purposes, e.g providing irrigation water, drinking water, increase groundwater recharge, and reduce flood risk. The application of rainwater harvesting is suitable in arid and semi-arid areas, w

Denna studie undersöker den rumsliga variationen i markens koldioxid-utflöde (CO2) i en boreal blandskog, huvudsakligen dominerad av tall (Pinus sylvestris L.) och gran (Picea abies L.) i ADVEX experimentsite i Norunda, centrala Sverige. Mätningar av markens CO2 gjordes i 72 collars omkring huvudtornet med hjälp av en LI-6250 infraröd gasanalysapparat kopplad till en hemmagjord mörkkammare. Medelv

The p53 tumor suppressor gene regulates growth arrest and apoptosis after DNA damage. Recent studies suggest that p53 is inactive in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in human angioplasty restenosis, promoting VSMC accumulation and vessel stenosis. In contrast, the success of irradiation (brachytherapy) for in-stent restenosis argues that DNA-damage p53 responses are intact. We examined p53 exp

The generation of thrombin by the prothrombinase complex is a key event in coagulation. In this complex, the activated form of coagulation factor V (FVa) serves as an essential cofactor to factor Xa (FXa) in the activation of prothrombin to thrombin. The enzyme FXa is virtually ineffective in the absence of its cofactor. The assembly of FXa with its cofactor FVa on negatively charged phospholipid

Gastric MUC5AC and MUC6 mucins were studied using polyclonal antibodies. Immunohistochemistry showed MUC5AC to originate from the surface epithelium, whereas MUC6 was produced by the glands. Mucins from the surface epithelium or glands of corpus and antrum were purified using CsCl/4M guanidinium chloride density-gradient centrifugation. MUC5AC appeared as two distinct populations at 1.4 and 1.3 g/

We have found a remarkable relationship between the specificity of antibodies and their chromatographic behavious upon liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC). Well characterized human and murine monoclonal antibodies and Fab/Fv fragments thereof as well as mouse/human chimeric antibodies were employed. While, lgG 1, 2 and 4 antibodies with identical specificities (affinity constants) have i

Cellulose, a polysaccharide consisting of beta-1,4-linked glucose, is the major component of plant cell walls and consequently one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth. Carbohydrate polymers such as cellulose are molecules with vast diversity in structure and function, and a multiplicity of hydrolases operating in concert are required for depolymerisation. The bacterium Rhodothermus marinus,

Today wind power developers are exploring the possibilities of establishing wind turbines in forest areas, therefore improved sound prediction models for complex terrains are valuable. The Swedish model used today is only applicable for hard flat ground without any vegetation, and is not adjustable to any meteorological parameters except the wind speed. The companies DELTA, DONG Energy and EMD Int

Objective Emotion regulation group therapy (ERGT) has shown promising results in several efficacy trials. However, it has not been evaluated outside a research setting. In order to increase the availability of empirically supported treatments for individuals with borderline personality disorder and deliberate self-harm, an evaluation of ERGT in routine clinical care was conducted with therapists o