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Popular Abstract in Swedish Våra kroppar är uppbyggda av celler. Dessa celler har olika funktioner beroende på var i kroppen de finns. Varje cell tar upp näring, omvandlar den till energi, och energin används för att cellen ska kunna fortleva och utöva specialiserade funktioner samt eventuellt reproducera sig. Kolhydrater är viktiga beståndsdelar i celler. De flesta av oss förknippar kolhydrater Proteoglycans (PGs) is a class of highly anionic macromolecules that consist of one or more linear polysaccharide chains (glycosaminoglycans, GAGs) covalently attached to a core protein. The biological functions of PGs are mainly due to the interactions of GAG chains with various protein ligands and regulatory factors, such as cytokines and growth factors. PGs and GAGs are critical for a diverse s

Weathering of soil minerals is important for the recovery from acidification and for the sustainability of forestry. However, there is still substantial uncertainty about its absolute rate. This study presents a harmonized comparison of field weathering rates estimated with the mechanistic model PROFILE and the depletion method for 16 intensively sampled soil profiles across Sweden representing di

Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The microbe is found in the gastric mucus layer where a pH gradient ranging from acidic in the lumen to neutral at the cell surface is maintained. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pH on H. pylori binding to gastric mucins from healthy individuals. At pH 3, all strains bound to the most char

A long term experiment was conducted in a primary forest area in Amazonia, with continuous in-situ measurements of aerosol optical properties between February 2008 and April 2011, comprising, to our knowledge, the longest database ever in the Amazon Basin. Two major classes of aerosol particles, with significantly different optical properties were identified: coarse mode predominant biogenic aeros

Functional imaging studies have revealed that certain brainstem areas are activated during migraine attacks. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is associated with activation of the trigeminovascular system, transmission of nociceptive information and plays a key role in migraine pathophysiology. Therefore, to elucidate the role of CGRP it is critical to identify the regions wi

A portable and time-integrating field sampler based on the supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction technique was constructed. Using two programmable syringe pumps and one programmable valve, the sampler could carry out automatic unattended extraction for up to seven extracts, combining the steps of sampling, trace enrichment and clean-up. The sampler was applied to the extraction of four s-tria

Two crystallized [FeFe] hydrogenase model complexes, 1 = (μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)2(PMe3)]2 (pdt = SC1H 2C2H2C3H2S), and their bridging-hydride (Hy) derivative, [1Hy]+ = [(μ-H)(μ-pdt)[Fe(CO)2 (PMe 3)]2]+ (BF4-), were studied by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy, supported by density functional theory. Structural changes in [1Hy]+ compared to 1 involved small bond elongations (<0.03 Å) and

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) that control cell cycle progression are regulated in many ways, including activating phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue. This essential phosphorylation is carried out by the CDK-activating kinase (CAK). Here we examine the effects of replacing this threonine residue in human CDK2 by serine. We found that cyclin A bound equally well to wild-type CDK2 (C

CONTEXT: It is important to identify patients at highest risk of fractures. OBJECTIVE: To compare the separate and combined performances of bone-related genetic risk scores (GRSs) for prediction of forearm, hip and vertebral fractures separately, as well as of trabecular and cortical bone microstructure parameters separately. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Using 1103 single nucleotide polymorp

Denna studie undersöker den rumsliga variationen i markens koldioxid-utflöde (CO2) i en boreal blandskog, huvudsakligen dominerad av tall (Pinus sylvestris L.) och gran (Picea abies L.) i ADVEX experimentsite i Norunda, centrala Sverige. Mätningar av markens CO2 gjordes i 72 collars omkring huvudtornet med hjälp av en LI-6250 infraröd gasanalysapparat kopplad till en hemmagjord mörkkammare. Medelv