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Firms began to abandon the “silo” approach to risk management for more integration in the risk management system. Enterprise risk management (ERM) emerged as a framework for the management of integrated risks in a strategy setting supported by risk governance. Practically and empirically there has been no real consensus about what an ERM firm looks like. ERM frameworks provide a variety of concept
A computer-based tool has been developed to support the planning of adaptations for the physically disabled. The prototype development and evaluation were based on six case-studies, which also provided information on the needs and requirements in real-life planning situations. The tool was found useful in supporting an iterative planning process, where it is important to encourage and activate not
Forestry in Sweden suffers from browsing damage caused by large herbivores, mainly moose (Alces alces) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Silviculture affects the availability of forage for these animals, and thus the browsing pressure. A step towards modeling the response of trees or to predict browsing damage is to gain more knowledge on the availability of food in forest stands. Individual gap
A seismic approach is used to estimate the thickness and elastic stiffness constants of asphalt or concrete slabs. The overall concept of the approach utilizes the robustness of the multichannel seismic method. A multichannel-equivalent data set is compiled from multiple time series recorded from multiple hammer impacts at progressively different offsets from a fixed receiver. This multichannel si
Wave cycles, i.e. pairs of local maxima and minima, play an important role in many engineering fields. Many cycle definitions are used for specific purposes, such as crest-trough cycles in wave studies in ocean engineering and rainflow cycles for fatigue life prediction in mechanical engineering. The simplest cycle, that of a pair of local maximum and the following local minimum is also of interes
The Multi-plume Aerosol dynamics and Transport (MAT) model has been developed to study the dynamics of the particle size distribution in urban environments. The MAT model uses a novel multi-plume scheme for vertical dispersion and routines of the aerodynamics models AERO3. It treats the processes: emission from a near ground source, dilution with background air, deposition, coagulation and condens
In Sweden today, power production with bioenergy systems is more costly than with fossil energy systems. New technology under development, such as integrated gasification and combined cycle technology (IGCC), and reduced biomass costs would improve the competitiveness of bioenergy systems. The CO2 mitigation costs are lower for biomass systems using IGCC technology than for natural gas systems usi
Motivation: Pre-processing of SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry data is currently performed on a largel y ad hoc basis. This makes comparison of results from independent analyses troublesome and does not provide a framework for distinguishing different sources of variation in data. Results: In this article, we consider the task of pooling a large number of single-shot spectra, a task commonly performed
We use Stein's method in combination with notions from graph theory to obtain Berry-Esseen and central limit theorems for generalized serial rank statistics.
The spectroscopic data mercury (Hg) I and Hg II was analyzed from beam-foil spectroscopy. The wavelength was found to be of course fixed and independent of the light source and recording conditions. It was found that if the calculated branching ratio was correct, then the Hg II was an important constituent of fluorescent light tube plasmas. The wavelength region from 40 to 600 nm in overlapping wa
System Thinking is the mindset of defining and confining a problem and its symptoms as well as a method for communicating system understanding. System Analysis is taking that problem apart to understand its causalities and structural arrangement. System Dynamics is the use of the results of System Analysis in order to reconstruct the system of causalities. Modelling is used for understanding comp
A new method of correction of instrumental shifts and gain changes observed in experimental spectra is presented. An application of the method to the data collected in a large scale in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment is discussed.
A promising technique for dating paleosols is reported based on radiocarbon (C-14) dating of asexual spores from vesicular-arbuscular mycorrizae (VAM). The soils are dispersed in water and some 6000-8000 spores separated by hand picking under a low power microscope. The dried spores are then dated by accelerator mass spectroscopy (AMS). A chronosequense of closely superimposed paleosols from an ar
This work concentrates on automatic procedures for simplifying chemical models for realistic fuels using skeletal mechanism construction and Quasi Steady-State Approximation (QSSA) applied to detailed reaction mechanisms. To automate the selection of species for removal or approximation, different indices for species ranking have thus been proposed. Reaction flow rates are combined with sensitivit
This paper investigates the performance of reduced-state trellis-based intersymbol interference equalizers, which are based on the so-called Ungerboeck and Forney observation models. Although the two models are equivalent when an optimum equalizer is employed, their performances differ significantly when using reduced-complexity methods. It is demonstrated that practical equalizers operating on th
This report describes technical improvements to the manufacture of a carbon fibre electrode for the stable and sensitive detection of H2O2 (detection limit at 0.5 mu M). This electrode was also modified through the co-immobilisation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and/or choline oxidase (ChOx) in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) membrane for the development of a sensor for in vivo measurements of acety
Background and Aims: Patients undergoing surgery are prone to infections, either at the site of surgery (superficial or organ-space) or at remote sites (e.g. pneumonia or urinary tract). Surgical site infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, increased length of hospital stay and represent a huge burden to the health economy across all healthcare systems. Here we discuss
