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Modern societies' functionality is strongly dependent on the electricity. Efficient, environment friendly, and economical power production has been in focus for a long time. The introduction of computers and thereby computer-aided tools for pre-design studies, optimization and choice of the best operational strategies, has changed the conditions for power production tremendously. The most noticeab
Introduction During the embodiment design and detail design phase, the designer has at his disposal a set of tools and techniques that him or her through the synthesis activity: basic rules, guidelines and principles (see [1]), but in the literature there are general design processes that help the designer to organize their work (e.g. [1]), but not at a very operational level. From a previous stud
The aim of the thesis was to develop new analytical detection principles based on enzymatic and immunological reactions for sensitive, selective, cost-effective and high sample through-put detection devices. The thesis presents the basic elements and reaction paths necessary for the construction and development of enzyme based amperometric biosensors and immunoassays. The developed biochemical det
As man-made structures are made increasingly smaller it becomes possible to conduct measurements on single cells, molecules and eventually atoms. In this thesis prerequisites for making this possible are discussed. The underlying thought is that the structures should be used in biological and organic based applications. The discussion is kept in three domains: fabrication, characterization and app
Methods to collect rain water and prevent runoff in agricultural areas are described. The distribution of solutes in soil columns is is investigated in several environments.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling beskriver den centrala metabolismen och produktionen av exopolysackarider (EPS) hos två olika mjölksyrabakterier: Lactobacillus reuteri och Pediococcus parvulus. Mjölksyrabakterier används inom livsmedelsindustrin som startkulturer i olika mjölkbaserade produkter. Generellt utnyttjas en specifik metabol väg för nerbrytningen av sockerkällan till mjölksyThis thesis deals with the central carbohydrate metabolism and exopolysaccharide (EPS) formation in two different lactic acid bacteria (LAB): Lactobacillus reuteri and Pediococcus parvulus. LAB are traditionally used as starter cultures in the food industry. In general, LAB harbours one glycolytic pathway converting carbohydrates into lactic acid. However, L. reuteri ATCC 55730 was proven to use t
Optical data storage devices and erasable memories with storage densities in the range of terabits/cm2, all-optical devices for communication like optical bit-rate converters, routers and image processors can become a reality with photon-echo-based frequency-selective materials. In photon-echo-based optical data storage and data processing the photon-echo-output intensity generally is about 0.1–1%
Secreted and transmembrane mucins are important components of innate defence at the body's mucosal surfaces. The secreted mucins are large, polymeric glycoproteins, which are largely responsible for the gel-like properties of mucus secretions. The cell-tethered mucins, however, are monomeric but are typically composed of two subunits, a larger extracellular subunit which is heavily glycosylated wh
We examine the relationship between government size and economic growth, controlling for economic freedom and globalization, and using Bayesian Averaging over Classical Estimates in a panel of rich countries.
Countries with big government have experienced above average increases in the KOF globalization index and in the Fraser institute's Economic freedom index. To maintain comparability with e
The results of an extensive search for short and moderate length polynomial convolutional encoders for time-invariant tail-biting representations of block codes at rates R=1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 are reported. The tail-biting representations found are typically as good as the best known block codes
A unified approach to search for and optimize codes determined by their sparse parity-check matrices is presented. Replacing the nonzero elements of a binary parity-check matrix (the base or parent matrix) either by circulants or by companion matrices of elements from a finite field GF(2m), we obtain quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (LDPC) block codes and binary images of nonbinary LDPC block
Background: Clinical egg allergy is a common food allergy. Current management relies upon strict allergen avoidance. Oral immunotherapy might be an optional treatment, through desensitization to egg allergen. Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of oral and sublingual immunotherapy in children and adults with immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated egg allergy as compared to a placebo treatmen
Recently it has become clear that interferon (IFN)-α, a type I interferon produced rapidly in response to infection, not only plays a key role in innate immunity, but also promotes adaptive immune responses by influencing the production or function of other cytokines. During infections IFN-α fosters the production of IL-15, which plays a pivotal role in the development, survival and function of NK
BACKGROUND: Monitoring levels and trends in premature mortality is crucial to understanding how societies can address prominent sources of early death. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 Study (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 264 causes in 195 locations from 1980 to 2016. This assessment includes evaluation of the expected epidemiological transition wit
Yersiniosis and shigellosis are two bacteria-borne and food-related diseases that lead to significant costs in terms of direct costs (costs of healthcare, medicine, rehabilitation etc.), indirect costs (lost productivity due to absenteeism) and intangible costs (pain, nausea and other intangible aspects that can be linked to disease). It is essential to estimate these costs, partly to be able to c
The aim of the project MASTER (MAnaging Speeds of Traffic on European Roads) was to produce information that can be cited in the preparation of national and EU decisions concerning speed management and speed control equipment standards. For this purpose, the project looked for answers to three key questions: 1)What are acceptable ranges of speeds? 2)What are the key factors influencing drivers’ ch
