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Bioaerosols include bacterial cells and spores, viruses, pollen, fungi, algae, detritus, allergens and cell fragments. Bioaerosol particles are usually a small fraction of all aerosol particles in our surroundings, but their impact can be critical. They are a means for transmission of disease, they cause allergic reactions and they have effects on the global climate, ecology and biodiversity. This
The purpose of risk management in the development of safety-critical software is to eliminate or reduce harmful behaviour. In health-care it is essential to manage risk related to software due to its increased use in medical devices and other computer systems. This paper presents some of the experiences gained from an ongoing case study at a large hospital in Sweden. The study focuses on identific
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in both military and civilian applications, where a stable communication link is vital for safe flight control and robust data transmission. To develop a reliable UAV communication system, it is necessary to deeply understand the UAV channel characteristics and establish accurate channel models. Channel sounding is the most effective way to obt
The design of two antenna ports for a compact Y-shaped patch on top of a square ground plane is considered in this work. Specifically, characteristic mode analysis reveals candidate regions to locate two direct probe feeding ports to jointly excite two significant modes of the Y-shaped patch with low mutual coupling and correlation. The feed design procedure, based on both the amplitude and phase
Industrial cyber-physical system products interleave hardware, software, and communication components. System complexity is increasing simultaneously with increased demands on quality and shortened time-to-market. To effectively support the development of such systems, we present languages and tools for comprehensive integrated model-based development that cover major phases such as requirement an
Background. Chaos Engineering is proposed as a practice to verify a system’s resilience under real, operational conditions. It employs fault injection, is originally developed at Netflix, and supported by several tools from there and other sources. Aims. We aim to intro- duce Chaos Engineering at ICA Gruppen AB, a group of companies whose core business is grocery retail, to improve their systems’
We investigate error propagation in sliding window decoding of braided convolutional codes (BCCs). Previous studies of BCCs have focused on iterative decoding thresholds, minimum distance properties, and their bit error rate (BER) performance at small to moderate frame length. Here, we consider a sliding window decoder in the context of large frame length or one that continuously outputs blocks in
The Matern covariance function is a popular choice for modeling dependence in spatial environmental data. Standard Matern covariance models are, however, often computationally infeasible for large data sets. Recent results for Markov approximations of Gaussian Matern fields based on Hilbert space approximations are extended using wavelet basis functions. Using a simulation-based study, these Marko
Climate change policies have stimulated a shift towards renewable energy sources such as biomass. The economic crisis of 2008 has also increased the practice of household biomass burning as it is often cheaper than using oil, gas or electricity for heating. As a result, household biomass combustion is becoming an important source of air pollutants in the European Union.This position paper discusse
This study analyzes how violent conflict influences taxation in a poor, conflict-affected country, Burkina Faso. We use a unique, large, and representative panel dataset on tax collection of firms between 2015 and 2022 and geographically match these data with indicators of violent conflict at the municipal level. We find that firms pay a lower amount of tax in areas affected by violence. We also f
Dating the bottommost section of an ice core is often complicated by strong layer thinning and possible disturbances in the stratigraphy. The radioactive decay of atmospherically produced 36Cl and 10Be can provide age estimates, where traditional methods can no longer be used. In this study, we investigated ice from the bottom of the Skytrain ice core, which was drilled in West Antarctica next to
Ice cores are unique archives of paleo-climate information and require accurate dating for its interpretation. Continuous chronologies are usually based on time markers, stratigraphic matching, and orbital tuning, but often end several meters above bedrock, because extreme thinning and sometimes disturbances in the stratigraphy complicate the identification of climate signals and their alignment w
The development of models that provide accurate spatio-temporal predictions of ambient air pollution at small spatial scales is of great importance for the assessment of potential health effects of air pollution. Here we present a spatio-temporal framework that predicts ambient air pollution by combining data from several different monitoring networks and deterministic air pollution model(s) with
Background: Cohort studies of the relationship between air pollution exposure and chronic health effects require predictions of exposure over long periods of time. Objectives: We developed a unified modeling approach for predicting fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and black carbon (as measured by light absorption coefficient) in six U.S. metropolitan regions from 1999
Cloud drop condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) particles determine to a large extent cloud microstructure and, consequently, cloud albedo and the dynamic response of clouds to aerosol-induced changes to precipitation. This can modify the reflected solar radiation and the thermal radiation emitted to space. Measurements of tropospheric CCN and IN over large areas have not been possible an
A key component in successfully managing software products is to properly, and in a timely manner, identify and secure competitive advantage by innovation via feature differentiation. Although open source software (OSS) is not a new idea, several product development companies that operate in a market-driven context have started to use open source solutions as core software components in their prod
The cluster power is an important parameter for cluster-based wireless channel models. This paper addresses modeling and estimation of the cluster power for wireless channels. A novel way of estimating the cluster decay and cluster fading, where the effects of the noise floor is taken into account, is presented. Due to the noise floor present in the measurement, only a limited number of clusters a
