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Unsafe abortion is a major contributing factor to maternal mortality with 47,000 largely avoidable deaths occurring globally every year, the majority in the global south. Ethiopia has taken a unique approach to addressing maternal mortality impacted by unsafe abortion through a 2005 reform of the abortion legislation in which abortion is illegal but available under a range of exceptions. The purpo
It is a common experience among children to witness domestic violence, but how much does it affect the child later on in life? The purpose of this paper is to present what happens to the child mentally and physically when domestic violence against women results in the death of a mother and the imprisonment of a father. The paper also presents ways to minimize the impact the event has on the child.
The urban population in developing countries was, in 2005, more than 2.3 billion people, which forms an increase by 7 times comparing to the situation in 1950. This is expected to increase even more, until it reaches 3.9 billion by 2030. A parallel urban growth results in high density cities and informal settlements and the creation of urban slums. Naturally, it is the urban poor who are not able
Med start år 1967 har folkrätten fått en rad tillskott av multilaterala överenskommelser genom uppkomsten av en ny typ av traktat. Dessa traktat har skapats för att stifta så kallade kärnvapenfria zoner och är i grunden folkrättsligt bindande överenskommelser som etablerar komplett nedrustning av kärnvapen inom ett geografiskt avgränsat område. Det internationella samfundet har under flera decenniSince 1967, public international law has had many treaty additions through so-called nuclear weapon free zones, treaties that have been created through legally binding agreements to pursue complete nuclear disarmament within a geographically defined area. The international community has for decades discussed the establishment of such a zone in the Middle East, but without prompting any concrete ac
Agricultural intensification and associated loss of high-quality habitats are key drivers of insect pollinator declines. With the aim of decreasing the environmental impact of agriculture, the 2014 EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) defined a set of habitat and landscape features (Ecological Focus Areas: EFAs) farmers could select from as a requirement to receive basic farm payments. To inform th
Background: The LUCAS™ device delivers mechanical chest compressions that have been shown in experimental studies to improve perfusion pressures to the brain and heart as well as augmenting cerebral blood flow and end tidal CO2, compared with results from standard manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Two randomised pilot studies in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients have not shown impr
The strawberry tortrix (Acleris comariana Lienig and Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of strawberry in Denmark and southern Sweden. Chemical and electrophysiological analyses revealed a single compound, (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal (E11,13-14:Ald), in gland extracts of females eliciting a strong antennal response in conspecific males. Also (Z)-11,13-tetradecadienal (Z11,13-14:Ald)
Carbon pricing, including carbon taxes and emissions trading, has been adopted by different kinds of polities worldwide. Yet, beyond the increasing adoption over time, little is known about what polities–countries as well as sub- and supranational entities–adopt carbon pricing and why. This paper explores patterns of adoption (both implemented policies and those scheduled to be) through cluster an
Microorganisms in soil are commonly limited by available substrate, and removing the limitation will increase activity and growth, with predictable dynamics in growth. The initial phase with a lag period (λ) will usually be followed by exponential growth (also called log phase, with growth rate μ). These two growth phases may be differently affected by environmental conditions, like temperature an
In their comment piece, Laycock and Lam (Environ. Res. Lett. 13 068001) focused on the importance for reducing emissions of actions beyond individual choices and overconsumption, and raise the issue of family planning as a human right. Here we respond that both individual and collective actions, in private and professional life, are important to reducing emissions to near zero in the next few deca
Fossil fuel subsidies strain public budgets, and contribute to climate change and local air pollution. Despite widespread agreement among experts about the benefits of reforming fossil fuel subsidies, repeated international commitments to eliminate them, and valiant efforts by some countries to reform them, they continue to persist. This book helps explain this conundrum, by exploring the politics
Introduction The provision of healthcare for patients with inflammatory arthritis occurs in the context of somewhat conflicting targets, values and drivers. Therefore, there is a need for introducing 'value-based healthcare' defined as the value of patient relevant health outcomes in relation to costs. This term is a central part of tomorrow's healthcare sector, especially for rheumatic diseases,
The financing of climate measures in developing countries – climate finance – is an increasingly important issue in global climate governance. While a growing body of literature has highlighted the importance of bureaucratic actors within governments as a factor influencing political decisions, quantitative studies on climate finance have so far only focused on extra-governmental factors. We argue tha
In the European Union, the setting of Operational Groups (OG) is supported by the European Innovation Partnership to tackle specific problems and favor innovation in agriculture. They constitute an important aspect of the current Common Agricultural Policy. Increasing or maintaining soil organic carbon (SOC) content under arable farming has been acknowledged as a primary target of European agricul
The mechanisms by which lime and/or phosphate addition impacts the preservation of soil organic matter (OM) are poorly understood. We explored the changes in quantity and chemistry of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in the bulk soil and its heavy density fraction (>1.6 g/cm3) of an unmanaged C-rich volcanic soil caused by lime and/or phosphate application. The addition of lime or phosphate
Aim: To describe fathers’ lived experiences of caring for their preterm infant at the neonatal unit and in hospital-based neonatal home care after the introduction of an individualised parental support programme. Method: Seven fathers from a larger study were included due to their rich narrative interviews about the phenomenon under study. The interviews took place after discharge from neonatal ho
Loss of forest naturalness challenges the maintenance of green infrastructure (GI) for biodiversity conservation and delivery of diverse ecosystem services. Using the Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi target #11 with its quantitative and qualitative criteria as a normative model, we aim at supporting landscape planning through a pioneering assessment of the extent to which existing amount
