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Periodic boundary conditions (PBC) are well suited to describe repetitive structures in space, yet flawed for isotropic setups in which it is commonly used. We present an approach based on exploiting the congruency of a unit cell which combines the periodic nature of PBC with isotropy of an alternating cell. By applying these isotropic periodic boundary conditions (IPBC) to the standard Ewald summ
Head turning experiments are widely used to test the cognition of both human infants and non-human animal species. Monitoring head turns allows researchers to non-invasively assess attention to acoustic or visual stimuli. In the majority of head turning experiments, the head direction analyses have been accomplished manually, which is extremely labor intensive and can be affected by subjectivity o
Pollination success is important for crop yield, but may be cultivar dependent. Less is known about which floral traits influence pollination success. Floral traits, e.g. traits related to attraction and reward, can also contribute to gene flow via pollen, the latter being of particular importance in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) where gene flow occurs between plants of crop, volunteer and feral o
We have fabricated nanometer-sized interdigitated electrode patterns using electron beam lithography and liftoff techniques. The aim of the investigation was to find out whether the dimensions (i.e., the electrode separations) of the pattern would affect the admittance signal of the biomolecules in between the electrodes. Since the admittance signal scales with the geometrical factor A/d, where A
We present two new data structures for computing values of an n-variate polynomial P of degree at most d over a finite field of q elements. Assuming that d divides q- 1 , our first data structure relies on (d+ 1) n + 2 tabulated values of P to produce the value of P at any of the qn points using O(nqd2) arithmetic operations in the finite fie
Crop harvesting and residue removal from croplands often result in imbalanced biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands, putting forward an austere challenge to sustainable agricultural production. As a beneficial element, silicon (Si) has multiple eco-physiological functions, which could help crops to acclimatize their unfavorable habitats. Although many studies have reported tha
In this article, we describe a new command, xtbcfe, that performs the iterative bootstrap-based bias correction for the fixed-effects estimator in dynamic panels proposed by Everaert and Pozzi (2007, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 31: 1160–1184). We first simplify the core of their algorithm by using the invariance principle and subsequently extend it to allow for unbalanced and higher o
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP38) is a widely distributed neuropeptide involved in neuroprotection, neurodevelopment, nociception and inflammation. Moreover, PACAP38 is a potent inducer of migraine-like attacks, but the mechanism behind this has not been fully elucidated.Migraine is a neurovascular disorder, recognized as the second most disabling disease. Nevertheles
Innovation in retailing is under-investigated in academia and yet highly relevant in practice given the current changes in the retail landscape. Although retailing is often characterised by a dynamic and highly competitive environment, retail organizations are not often considered as “innovative,” at least when compared with manufacturing industries or when using existing innovation frameworks in
During the last decades, several research groups have used bisphosphonates for local application to counteract secondary bone resorption after bone grafting, to improve implant fixation or to control bone resorption caused by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMps). We focused on zoledronate (a bisphosphonate) due to its greater antiresorptive potential over other bisphosphonates. Recently, it has beco
Despite the fact that Cesarean section (C-section) is the most commonly performed surgery in a number of industrialized countries, little is known about the long-term consequences for the mothers and children involved. In this study, I use a sample of high-risk births—namely, breech births, in which the fetus is presented with its head upward instead of downward—to study the causal effect of C-sec
Agriculture plays a crucial role in meeting the Sustainable Development Goals, with organic farming being one important potential contributor to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Despite a national goal of 20% organic agriculture, currently only 6.2% of Germany's farmland is organic, and conversion rates are slowing down. However, one bright spot is organic viticulture in Germany
Interventions that promote pro-environmental behaviours are increasingly necessary in reducing use of high-emissions goods and services to meet international climate change targets. Here we assess the greenhouse gas emissions reductions associated with behavioural interventions in three high-emitting domains (personal vehicle use, meat consumption, and household energy use) based on an analysis of
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows:- To assess the effect of preoperative alcohol cessation interventions on the rate of postoperative complications in hazardous drinkers- To assess the effect of preoperative alcohol cessation interventions for hazardous drinkers on alcohol use in the postoperative period and longer term
The maintenance of cell size homeostasis has been studied for years in different cellular systems. With the focus on ‘what regulates cell size’, the question ‘why cell size needs to be maintained’ has been largely overlooked. Recent evidence indicates that animal cells exhibit nonlinear cell size dependent growth rates and mitochondrial metabolism, which are maximal in intermediate sized cells wit
Background and aims: Betony (Betonica officinalis L.) is one of the rarest and mostspectacular plants in the Scandinavian flora. A long-term question has been whether it is spontaneous or introduced, or whether it comprises both spontaneous and introduced populations. This study aimed to answer this question by analyzing sequence data from the nuclear external transcribed spacer (ETS) region and t
Aims: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition due to the risk of aneurysm growth and rupture. There are no approved diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for abdominal aortic aneurysm. We aimed to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for abdominal aortic aneurysm and to investigate their relationship with abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter and growth. Methods: In this case
