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This review examines evidence that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depends on autoimmunity to articular collagen, and mechanisms whereby autoantibodies to type II collagen contribute to disease development. Three major autoantigenic reactants have been identified in RA; the corresponding autoantibodies are rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to citrullinated peptide antigens (ACPA), citrullinated peptide
Erythroblast transformation-specific domain (ETS) transcription factors regulate some of the critical molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation of multipotent haematopoietic progenitor cells into effector B-lymphocytes. The SPI-group ETS-protein transcription factors PU.1 and SPI-B play essential and, although coexpressed and binding to similar DNA sequences, unique roles in B-cell diff
This paper describes the implementation of a structure assessmentmethod in an industrial control system. The method uses available signals to evaluate if a given signal can be used for additional feed forward control action to improve the performance of a control loop.
The neuropeptide WE-14 is derived from the posttranslational processing of chromogranin A (CgA). While CgA is expressed in a preponderance of neuroendocrine cells, WE-14 is generated in a distinct subpopulation of CgA-immunopositive cells, most notably in the adrenal, pituitary, and parathyroid glands. Physiological and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that CgA is cleaved to generate WE-1
This paper examines the role of the photograph as vehicle for historic and virtual memory, in the remembrance culture of the Holocaust.
Popular Abstract in Swedish Inflammerat brosk i halsen. Rethosta eller andningsbesvär. Autoimmuna sjukdomar uppstår när immunförsvaret angriper och bryter ner den egna kroppens vävnader. Då kroppen infekteras av bakterier eller virus är immunförsvarets ökade aktivitet däremot en normal skyddsmekanism. Exempel på vanligt förekommande autoimmuna sjukdomar är diabetes, reumatoid artrit (RA) och multRelapsing polychondritis (RP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are autoimmune diseases where an inappropriate immune response destroys cartilage. In RP, the ears, larynx, nose and joints are affected, while the most prominent sign of RA is arthritis. For ethical reasons many experiments can not be performed in man, and consequently animal models are needed. To investigate the complexity of the tissu
During B lymphocyte development, the transcriptional activity of the IgH locus is subject to spatial and temporal changes. The 3' enhancer (3'E) has been suggested to play an important role in regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression late in B cell development. We have investigated, using transgenic mice, the role of the 3'E in regulating Ig gene expression. Mice harbouring a rearranged IgH ge
A computational algorithm for the full information H∞ control problem for multi-delayed LTI systems is derived. The algorithm is based on a general operator approach in the spectral domain developed for finite-dimensional LTI plants. The simplicity of spectral operations and explicit formulas for computation make it possible to generalize it to infinite-dimensional plants. In the paper, a complete
Despite rigorous efforts to improve the construction working environment in the European Union, the fatal accident rate is approximately 13 workers per 100,000 as against 5 per 100,000 for the all sectors average. Although the accident rates have declined steadily and steeply since 1994, it still remains unacceptably high. Thousands of construction workers still suffer severe injury and even death
Purpose of this paper: Logisticians propose changes to improve supply chains, and legal practitioners are doing likewise, but from a tax perspective. Proposals from one domain increasingly have an impact on the other due to e.g. globalisation – but cross-disciplinary knowledge often seems small. Our purpose is to facilitate interaction between the domains by increasing joint understanding o
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcome after carpal tunnel release in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS: We evaluated a prospective, consecutive series of 35 diabetic patients (median age, 54 years; 15 with type 1 and 20 with type 2 diabetes) with carpal tunnel syndrome, who were age- and gender-matched with 31 nondiabetic patients (median age, 51 years) having idiopathic carpal tunnel
We have addressed the importance of B cell tolerance to collagen type II, a matrix protein, which is a target in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its mouse models. We generated a germline-encoded anti-collagen type II (CII) IgH replacement anti-C1 B cell mouse strain (ACB) to investigate how B cell tolerance to CII, a matrix protein, is subverted and to further understand pathogenesis of RA. Phenotyp
The efficacy of a short (Group I) and a prolonged (Group II) course with ciprofloxacin was assessed in patients undergoing transurethral prostatic resection and compared with that of controls without antibiotic (Group III). Both regimens significantly reduced the frequency of post-operative bacteriuria (p less than 0.01) and of severe infectious complications (p = 0.004) compared to the controls.
This group previously identified a peptide p13 of alpha 3(IV)NC1 domain of type IV collagen that induces experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG) in rats with generation of antibodies to sites on alpha 3(IV)NC1 external to the peptide as a result of intramolecular epitope spreading. It was hypothesized that intermolecular epitope spreading to other collagen IV chains also was induced. Rats
Wound botulism is a growing problem among injecting drug users. The condition is often difficult to diagnose, with laboratory confirmation in only 50% of the cases. Here we present a real-time PCR-based method for the diagnosis of wound botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum. The assay includes an internal amplification control which is amplified simultaneously with the genes encoding neurotoxin
Boundary finding in simulated medical images is performed by optimizing the Fourier coefficients in a parametric surface representation with respect to an objective function. The deformable model is fitted to the data using the brightness gradient component which is normal to the surface. A low order (<10) Fourier series expansion offers a sufficiently accurate representation for many inherently s
In this study, we show that distinct compartmentalization patterns of the IL-1 molecules (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta), in the milieu of tumor cells that produce them, differentially affect the malignant process. Active forms of IL-1, namely precursor IL-1alpha (pIL-1alpha), mature IL-1beta (mIL-1beta), and mIL-1beta fused to a signal sequence (ssIL-1beta), were transfected into an established fibrosar
In this article we present the first theoretical study of solvent effects on the rotatory strength tensor. The system chosen is solvated formaldehyde for which only one tensor element is nonvanishing, and the solvent is modeled as a linear, homogeneous, and isotropic dielectric continuum. We present results using both an equilibrium and a nonequilibrium description of the solvent. Four illustrativ
