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Extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) have been found in most socially monogamous passerine species. EPFs are generally beneficial for males because they increase the number of sired offspring. The benefit accrued by females, however, is less obvious. Maternal benefits may involve fertility insurance, increased genetic variability of the offspring, and improved offspring quality via compatible genes or
The cdk-inhibitor p16 is a tumor suppressor gene that is inactivated in many forms of cancer. Despite numerous studies, the exact mechanism of regulation of p16 has not been clarified, although the status of retinoblastoma (Rb) seems to be one important factor that influences the p16 expression. The specificity and validity of cytoplasmic localization of p16 observed in some tumors has further bee
BACKGROUND: The objective of this paper is to illustrate the effect of a gap of 5 mm, an overlap of 5 mm and a perfect match on the dose distribution across the junction of tangential breast fields and adjacent supraclavicular and axillary fields. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose film dosimetry was applied to measure relative dose distributions in two sagittal planes in an anthropomorphic b
Nitrogen (N) is often considered to be the major factor limiting tree growth in northern forest ecosystems. An increased N availability, however, increases the demand for other nutrients such as base cations and phosphorous (P) which in turn may change which nutrient is the limiting factor. If P or base cations become limiting, N will start to leach which means a risk of increased eutrophication o
Ensuring fatherhood is an important issue in polygamous species. In many lepidopteran species, the male inserts a large package (spermatophore) consisting of sperm, accessory gland fluids and nutrients into the female's bursa copulatrix during copulation. In most species it has been shown that a large mate donation causes females either to stop calling, or to prolong the time until re-mating, here
Chk1 kinase coordinates cell cycle progression and preserves genome integrity. Here, we show that chemical or genetic ablation of human Chk1 triggered supraphysiological accumulation of the S phase-promoting Cdc25A phosphatase, prevented ionizing radiation (IR)-induced degradation of Cdc25A, and caused radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS). The basal turnover of Cdc25A operating in unperturbed S phas
Aims: The aim of the study was to compare alcohol use, consequences and common risk factors between American and Swedish college students. Methods: A secondary comparative analysis from one American and two Swedish studies in college settings. Results: Swedish freshmen report higher alcohol use than US freshmen students. Swedish residence hall students report higher alcohol use than US residence h
In regions where studded tyres and traction material are used during winter, e.g. the Nordic countries, northern part of USA, Canada, and Japan, mechanically generated particles from traffic are the main reason for high particle mass concentrations in busy street and road environments. In many Nordic municipalities the European environmental quality standard for inhalable particles (PM(10)) is exc
Salmonid parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) is a transitional stage between freshwater and seawater life when the salmon imprint on their natal stream, change from a territorial feeding behavior to downstream migration, increase their hypoosmoregulatory competence, and change body shape and coloration. Photoperiod is recognized as the most potent initiator and regulator of the smoltificati
Can we be mistaken or ignorant about the meaning of our own words? This dissertation explores this question. More specifically it investigates to what extent and in what sense, if at all, the semantic meaning of religious and existentially important words – like ‘God’, ‘friendship’, ‘justice’ or ‘life’ – can be recognition-transcendent to the competent user of them. The possibility of words having
Mercury (Hg) is known to induce adverse immune reactions in sensitive individuals. e.g. selected inbred animal strains. Such reactions involve oral tissues and may reflect immune phenomena, that may also occur in some human oral diseases. Administration of low doses of HgCl2 to the genetically Hg-sensitive BN rats results in the development of a syndrome with autoimmune features [BN(Hg
Two groups of organisms dominate the decomposition in soil: fungi and bacteria. One of the most important parameters to optimise for any organism is its growth, and thus a direct way to study the effect of environmental factors on fungi and bacteria in soil is to measure their growth rate. However, methodological constraints have historically prevented this direct approach in soil. Using leucine/t
Mammals are born with an immature gastrointestinal (GI) tract that allows the uptake of the specific nutrients and bioactive macromolecules in the milk, especially the protecting maternal antibodies. Eventually during weaning, the intake of milk decreases while that of solid food increases, and the GI system undergoes prominent structural and functional changes adapting the young this dietary chan
