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Popular Abstract in Swedish Den här avhandlingen handlar om att skräddarsy mikroorganismer så att de kan utföra specifika kemiska reaktioner. Nästan alla material och produkter vi har omkring oss idag har framställts genom kemiska metoder. Ofta används olja vilken så småningom kommer sina, som utgångskemikalie. När de framställda produkterna sedan förbränns efter användning släpps koldioxid ut vilChiral building blocks are important molecules for synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Biocatalysis has gained in relevance over traditional organic methods for synthesis of chiral compounds, as reactions can be performed at high enantio-selectivity and purity with environmentally friendly, simple, and cheap methods. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of using

The isotope effects in formaldehyde photolysis are the key link between the delta D of methane emissions and the delta D of atmospheric in situ hydrogen production. A few recent studies have suggested that a pressure dependence in the isotopic fractionation can partly explain enrichment of deuterium with altitude in the atmosphere. The mechanism and the extent of this pressure dependency is, howev

We describe a general-purpose dryer designed for continuous sampling of atmospheric aerosol, where a specified relative humidity (RH) of the sample flow (lower than the atmospheric humidity) is required. It is often prescribed to measure the properties of dried aerosol, for instance for monitoring networks. The specific purpose of our dryer is to dry cloud droplets (maximum diameter approximately

The aim of the present study was to gain information about adrenergic-, cholinergic- and nonadrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC)- transmitter systems/mediators in the rat vagina, and to characterize its smooth muscles functionally. Tissue sections from vagina of Sprague Dawley rats were immunolabelled with antibodies against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), synaptophysin (Syn), tyrosine hydroxylase (

Simple and standardized assays for detection and quantification of neutralizing antibodies to primary HIV-1 isolates are needed in research on HIV-1 vaccines and pathogenesis. Here we describe a new HIV-1 neutralization assay that is based on plaque formation in U87.CD4-CCR5 and U87.CD4-CXCR4 cells, which is an attractive alternative to peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based assays. Infected cell

Radionuclides are used in nuclear medicine in a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. A knowledge of the radiation dose received by different organs in the body is essential to an evaluation of the risks and benefits of any procedure. In this paper, current methods for internal dosimetry are reviewed, as they are applied in nuclear medicine. Particularly, the Medical Internal Radiation

Haemophilia management is not uniform among countries, even within western Europe, that have close economic, social and cultural relationship. The European Paediatric Network PedNet aims to share experiences in the field of the care of boys with haemophilia. In 1998, a PedNet survey has shown significant disparities in 20 centres from 16 countries, particularly as regards the implementation of pro

Anandamide acts as a full vanilloid receptor agonist in many bioassay systems, but it is a weak activator of primary afferents in the airways. To address this discrepancy, we compared the effect of different vanilloid receptor agonists in isolated airways and mesenteric arteries of guinea pig using preparations containing different phenotypes of the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve. We found that

Abstract in Undetermined Numbers of soil bacteria stained with acridine orange (AO) or fluorescein diacetate (FDA) were studied for 3 and 2 yr respectively. Three pine forest sites were used and both organic and mineral soil layers were included. Different patterns of fluctuation in bacterial numbers were found each year. Significant correlations were demonstrated between AO-stained bacterial numb

Objective: Pain measurement is a necessity in pain treatment but can be difficult in young children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Behavioural Observational Pain Scale (BOPS) as a postoperative pain measurement scale for children aged 1-7 yrs. The scale assesses three elements of pain behaviors: facial expression, verbalization, and body position. Design

Successful development of software systems depends on the quality of the requirements engineering process. Use cases and scenarios are promising vehicles for eliciting, specifying and validating requirements. This thesis investigates the role of use case modelling in requirements engineering and its relation to system verification and validation. The thesis includes studies of concepts and represe

Three major cellulases, cellobiohydrolase I and II (CBH I and II) and endoglucanase II (EG II) of Trichoderma reesei have been purified by ion-exchange chromatography in an FPLC system. Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) was hydrolysed by the single enzymes and by equimolar mixtures of CBH I-CBH II and CBH I-EG II. Enzyme adsorption was followed indirectly by selectively quantifying the en

The objective of this thesis is to develop a strategy for statistical/econometric inferences applicable to systemwise testing of econometric models. A common deficiency in many applied econometric studies is the absence of statistical diagnostic testing. A model is only as good as the assumptions being used, and if these assumptions are incorrect then the model can be as good as worthless. In the

We introduce a common framework for the definition and operations on the different multiple view tensors. The novelty of the proposed formulation is to not fix any parameters of the camera matrices, but instead let a group act on them and look at the different orbits. In this setting the multiple view geometry can be viewed as a four-dimensional linear manifold in ℛ3m, where m denotes the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Funktionen hos hemoglobin från ryggradslösa organismer är mer varierande än motsvarande för ryggradsdjur, vilket möjligen speglar de mer mångfasetterade behoven inom den förra gruppen. Hemoglobin har strukturella likheter med andra hemproteiner/enzymer och uppvisar även överlappande enzymaktiviteter, med funktioner utöver transport och lagring av syre. Under syrefattigThe function of non-vertebrate haemoglobins (Hbs) appears more diverse than that of vertebrate Hbs, possibly reflecting the various demands to be met among their hosts. Sharing structural features with other haem proteins/enzymes, Hbs display a qualitative overlap in activities with functions extending beyond oxygen transport/storage. When subjected to oxygen deficient conditions, the obligate ae

Lipid oxidation is a major problem in muscle foods, leading to a loss in quality and nutritional value. It occurs in raw meat but is usually more pronounced in cooked meat. Since the demands of consumers for ready-to-eat foods have increased, the control of off-flavour in cooked meat is an important industrial problem. One way of minimising the development of lipid oxidation is to optimise the act

The versatility of cuboidal Mo3S4Co clusters for the preparation of complexes with different numbers of valence shell electrons (VSE) in the cluster is described. The reaction of the geometrically incomplete cuboidal cluster salt [(eta(5)-Cp')(3)Mo3S4][pts] (pts = p-toluenesulfonate) with one molar equivalent of [Co-2(CO)(8)] afforded almost quantitatively the electroneutral 60 VSE cluster [(eta(5