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The land and ocean absorb on average just over half of the anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. These CO2 "sinks" are modulated by climate change and variability. Here we use a suite of nine dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) and four ocean biogeochemical general circulation models (OBGCMs) to estimate trends driven by global and regional climate and atmospheric CO2 in
Den informationsteknologiska utvecklingen är något utav både en frälsning och en förbannelse. Å ena sidan ser vi ett stort antal människor för vilka denna utveckling i många avseenden har underlättat deras vardag, å andra sidan ser vi hur upphovsmän och rättighetsinnehavare desperat söker att se efter sina skyddade verk och komma åt intrångsgörare. Genom informationsteknologins näst intill obegränThe development of information technology has had a two-fold effect and therefore it may be considered both a blessing and a curse. On the one hand, we see a large number of people for whom this development has facilitated them to do more in terms of their everyday life, on the other, we see authors and rightholders desperately seeking to look after their protected works and target infringers. The
Klimatförändringarna med stigande havsnivåer gör att förutsättningarna för vårt byggande måste förändras i kustnära områden. Länsstyrelsen i Skåne har fattat ett beslut om att mark under +3 meter över havet döms ut för bebyggelse. Kommunerna vid kusten får då mycket svårt att expandera, och vill därför kunna hitta eventuella lösningar för att kunna bygga i utsatta lägen. En möjlig lösning är att aWith the climate change sea levels are rising which changes the boundary conditions for sites along the coast. The County Administrative Board of Skåne has decided that new buildings should be built at least 3 meters above sea level. Because of this decision the coastal municipalities have problems with expanding further, and are really keen on finding alternative solutions in order to allow build
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: För 420 miljoner år sedan, under den tidsperiod som kallas för silurtiden, låg Sverige vid ekvatorn. Stora delar av landet var täckt av ett grunt och tropiskt hav där bland annat koraller, bläckfiskar, trilobiter och havsskorpioner trivdes. Även Gotland låg under havsytan och det var under denna tid som den kalksten som utgör öns berggrund byggdes upp. Förutom d
As the way of communicating and accessing information has changed radically over the past decade so has the way the public libraries operate to reach the citizens. In these times the demands of what a public library should be and offer the visitors have changed. One should have the option to access the digital public library at any given hour of the day, from anywhere in the world and at least
The exhaustion doctrine (also known in some jurisdictions as the ''first sale doctrine See U.S. Copyright Code Section 109(a)'') is one of the basic rules of intellectual property (IP) system, and is applied to many IP rights, from copyright to trademark. The term ''exhaustion'' or ''first sale'' describes the concept of this rule, where, after the &
Vertical distribution agreements are favourable for the market. They facilitate distribution and make it more efficient. Moreover, by the appointment of independent distributors, it gets easier for the manufacturer to distribute his goods over a wide geographical area and overcome barriers inherent in international trade. However, the co-operation between manufacturer and distributor gives rise to
Within the common market, built upon the notion of free movement of goods and undistorted competition, Member States are prohibited to put restrictions on the free market or distort competition if no justifiable reasons under Community Law are presented. Thus, state monopolies of a commercial character are per se controversial within the Common market. However it is clear from the existence of Art
Modern agricultural practices give rise to environmental issues such as the eutrophication of waters (e.g. rivers and oceans). Increased knowledge and understanding of the negative consequences of nutritional leakage have led to comprehensive mitigation measures, one of which is the construction of wetlands. In order to achieve successful, cost-effective and sustainable measures it is essential to
Popular Abstract in Swedish Med ett historiskt perspektiv analyserar denna avhandling erfarenheter och identitetsskapande processer hos en grupp kvinnliga arbetare, cashewarbeterskor, i den sydindiska delstaten Kerala-välkänd för dess radikala befolkning och höga sociala indikatorer för invånarna. Cashewarbeterskorna utmanar den stereotypa bilden av kvinnor i ?Tredje Världen?, genom att de sedan 1Since the 1930s female cashew workers have constituted a majority of the registered workers in the South Indian State of Kerala and today number some 200,000. This group challenged the stereotypical view of Third World women because they were organized into unions, worked in the formal sector, and were literate. The background for this thesis has been the ?Kerala Model?, i.e., the political contex
In 2014, a new initiative was undertaken by groups working on plans for the transplantation of stem-cell-based derived dopaminergic neurons for treating Parkinson’s disease patients. This GForce-PD group held its annual meeting on 18–19 April 2016 in Chicago at Rush University to discuss their progress and the challenges that the translation of this experimental therapy still faces. Over 2 days, t
Losses and gains in species diversity affect ecological stability1–7 and the sustainability of ecosystem functions and services8–13. Experiments and models have revealed positive, negative and no effects of diversity on individual components of stability, such as temporal variability, resistance and resilience2,3,6,11,12,14. How these stability components covary remains poorly understood15. Simila
Ongoing globalisation combined with the rapid pace of technological change have generated significant growth in economic activities and have improved the welfare and living standards of many people around the world. e opening up of the world economy has also led to unprecedented surges in international trade and has fundamentally transformed the way that goods and services are produced, exchanged
Background: Loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from agricultural land is identified as one of the major threats to soils, as it influences both fertility and the production of ecosystem services from agriculture. Losses of SOC across regions are often determined by monitoring in different land use systems. Results from agricultural field experiments can reveal increasing SOC stocks after implementa
Efficient and sustainable mobility is becoming a need for emerging metropolitan areas, essential to grant their attractiveness, quality of life and economic power. Among the possible strategies to adopt, shared mobility systems have proven to be a valuable alternative to accommodate the mobility needs of citizens ensuring at the same time sustainability and transport flexibility. In particular, th
While many bumblebee species decline due to climate and land-use changes, others cope well with contemporary conditions. One example is Bombus terrestris, which is common in intensively managed agricultural landscapes. During the 20th century its subgenus, which includes the B. lucorum complex (B. lucorum, B. cryptarum and B. magnus) came to dominate Scandinavian bumblebee communities, but the spe
Surrounding the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994, scholars discussed whether the new organization would contribute to a shift of global environmental governance toward more market-based mechanisms. According to the most favored nation clause, a WTO party has to grant any trade advantage it concedes to any one country to all other parties. The WTO treaties also include cl
Introduction Episodic memory allows us to revisit our past and recollect inter-related elements that characterize life events (Tulving, 1983). When forming such relational memories, we only apprehend a small part of our visual field in full acuity at a time. This limitation is overcome by shifting visual attention over a sequence of eye movements. We bind these visual “samples” of the world into
BACKGROUND: Globally, violence disproportionately affects young people, leading to injury, hospitalisation, death, social dysfunction, and poor mental wellbeing. Moreover, it has far-reaching economic consequences for whole nations, due to loss of productivity. Research suggests that attaining a higher level of education promotes factors that insulate youths from poverty and violence.PURPOSE: In t
