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Apart from the substantive public procurement rules, harmonising national provisions for the award of public contracts, the Community also strives to ensure compliance with those rules. For that purposes the Remedies Directive 89/665/EEC has been adopted to ensure that effective and rapid remedies are available to aggrieved bidders. This directive has recently been amended by Directive 2007/66/EC
Uppsatsen ställer två frågor. Den första frågan är hur skatteflykt hanteras inom följande områden; särskild kringgåendelagstiftning och undantaget från retroaktivitetsförbudet i 2 kap. 10 § 2 st. 2-3 men. regeringsformen (1974:152), båda som företeelser, Skatteverkets mått och steg för att förebygga skatteflykt, lag (1995:575) mot skatteflykt samt genomsynsmetoden (en skatterättslig lagtolkningsmeThe thesis asks two questions. The first question is how tax avoidance is dealt with in the following areas: Special legislation that aims to prevent circumvention of tax law and the exemption from the prohibition against retroactive tax law in 2 ch. Art.10 2 para. 2-3 sent. regeringsformen (1974:152), both as phenomena, measures of the Swedish Tax Agency against tax evasion, the Tax Avoidance Act
Background: The aim of this study was to examine in elderly men a relationship between depressive symptoms, peripheral vascular disease and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods: Population-based cohort study started with an examination of 809 men at age 55, followed by the first (age 68ys) and second follow up (age 82ys). 128 survivors were examined at age 82 with Tc-99m-HMPAO-SPECT to estimate CBF,
The Baltic Sea is one of many aquatic ecosystems that show long-term declines in dissolved silicate (DSi) concentrations due to anthropogenic alteration of the biogeochemical Si cycle. Reductions in DSi in aquatic ecosystems have been coupled to hydrological regulation reducing inputs, but also with eutrophication, although the relative significance of both processes remains unknown for the observ
Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)((1-34)) has an established place in osteoporosis treatment, but also shows promising results in models of bone repair. Previous studies have been dominated by closed fracture models, where union is certain. One of the major clinical needs for anabolic therapies is the treatment of open and high energy fractures at risk of non-union. In the present study we th
Background: Podocalyxin-like 1 (PODXL) is a cell-adhesion glycoprotein and stem cell marker that has been associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype and adverse outcome in several cancer types. We recently demonstrated that overexpression of PODXL is an independent factor of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to validate these results in two additional indepen
The complement system, a part of the innate immune system with several links to the adaptive immune system, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The purpose of this thesis was to document and clarify some of these mechanisms. The thesis is based on four papers (I-IV). (I and II) Autoantibodies to the C3 cleaving enzyme complex of the alternative pathway, C3 nephritic facto
Background: Although omic-based discovery approaches can provide powerful tools for biomarker identification, several reservations have been raised regarding the clinical applicability of gene expression studies, such as their prohibitive cost. However, the limited availability of antibodies is a key barrier to the development of a lower cost alternative, namely a discrete collection of immunohist
Popular Abstract in Swedish None.This thesis presents numerical investigations and simulations of fixed bed combustion of wood, models for predicting thermal radiative properties of particles and gases related to the combustion of wood, and a review of heat load calculations in gas turbines. All subjects have a common factor in thermal radiation. One 2D and one 3D model were considered for the fixed bed combustion. The introducto
1. In a correlative study, we investigated the relative importance of fish predation, refuge availability and resource supply in determining the abundance and size distributions of the introduced and omnivorous signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in lakes and streams. Moreover, the biomass and food selection of predatory fish was estimated in each habitat type and stable isotopes of carbon
The effect of the procedural variability in image acquisition on the quantitative assessment of bone scan is unknown. Here, we have developed and performed preanalytical studies to assess the impact of the variability in scanning speed and in vendor-specific γ-camera on reproducibility and accuracy of the automated bone scan index (BSI). Methods: Two separate preanalytical studies were performed:
Background High parity has been suggested to increase risk of maternal cardiovascular disease independent of body mass index measured after childbearing. Pregnancy is, however, associated with persistent weight gain and metabolic changes that, independent of parity, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It could therefore be questioned if high parity independently increases the risk of card
BACKGROUND: Suggestive interventions such as hypnosis and therapeutic suggestions are frequently used to alleviate surgical side effects; however, the effectiveness of therapeutic suggestion intervention has not yet been systematically evaluated. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that (1) suggestive interventions are useful for reducing postoperative side effects; (2) therapeutic sugg
The adrenal-derived hormones dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are the most abundant circulating hormones and their levels decline substantially with age. DHEAS is considered an inactive precursor, which is converted into androgens and estrogens via local metabolism in peripheral target tissues. The predictive value of serum DHEAS for fracture risk is unknown. The aim of this s
Satellite remote sensing of plant phenology provides an important indicator of climate change. However, start of the growing season (SOS) estimates in Northern Hemisphere boreal forest areas are known to be challenged by the presence of seasonal snow cover and limited seasonality in the greenness signal for evergreen needleleaf forests, which can both bias and impede trend estimates of SOS. The ne
Importance: Adjuvant chemotherapy regimens may be administered after pancreatic resection for adenocarcinoma arising from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (A-IPMNs), although the evidence supporting their use is limited. Objective: To evaluate the survival benefit associated with contemporary adjuvant chemotherapy regimens after resection in A-IPMNs between 2017 and 2023. Design, Setting,
Soil organic nitrogen (SON) transformation is critical for global nutrient cycling and ecosystem productivity, yet how its responsiveness to climate change differs across diverse land use types remains poorly resolved. We measured gross protein depolymerization (GPD), microbial N growth, gross N mineralization (GNM) and microbial N use efficiency (NUE) in paired forest and cropland soils along a b
BACKGROUND: – Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by excessive remodeling of the distal arterioles and arteries, driven by endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis and uncontrolled mural cell proliferation. Increasing evidence suggests immune dysregulation in PAH, but one crucial part of the immune system, the pulmonary lymphatics, has been largely overlooked. Patients with idiopathic PA
Ovarian cancer remains a major clinical challenge due to its pronounced heterogeneity and the high incidence of chemoresistance and metastatic dissemination. Despite advances in molecular profiling, the functional mechanisms driving these processes remain incompletely understood, limiting the development of effective targeted therapies. Addressing this gap requires approaches that capture the dyna
Sexualbrotten i svensk rätt kräver idag att gärningsmannen har använt någon typ av våld eller hot, eller har utnyttjat ett hjälplöst tillstånd. År 2003 kom emellertid Europadomstolens avgörande i Bulgariendomen, i vilken kan utläsas att varje sexuell handling som begås utan samtycke ska vara straffbar. Sedan dess har det i Sverige livligt debatterats om huruvida domen innebär att den svenska lagenThe sexual offences in Swedish law of today require that the perpetrator has used violence or threats, or that he has exploited a helpless state. However, in 2003 the European Court of Human Rights delivered a judgment in the case of M.C v. Bulgaria, which stated that any non-consensual sexual act must be punishable. There has been a legal discussion in Sweden ever since, regarding whether this ju
