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Land remediation is an important part of restoration measures after a radioactive fallout containing long-lived fission products such as 137Cs. In this multidisciplinary study, we focused on three main issues related to remediation of contaminated urban areas. First, we assessed how much decontamination contributes to reducing resident radiation exposure and how much this reduction depends on the
Radar data at C-band has shown great potential for the monitoring of soil and canopy hydric conditions of wheat crops. In this study, the C-band Sentinel-1 time series including the backscattering coefficients σ0 at VV and VH polarization, the polarization ratio (PR) and the interferometric coherence ρ are first analyzed with the support of experimental data gathered on three plots of irrigated wi
Background: Speech impairments are an early feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and consequently, analysing speech performance is a promising new digital biomarker for AD screening. Future clinical AD trials on disease modifying drugs will require a shift to very early identification of individuals at risk of dementia. Hence, digital markers of language and speech may offer a method for screening
The 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aims to keep global average temperature increases well below 2 °C of preindustrial levels in the Year 2100. Vital to its success is achieving a decrease in the abundance of atmospheric methane (CH4), the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. If this reduction is to be achieved, individual nations mu
In Europe, willow (Salix spp.) trees have been used commercially since the 1980s at a large scale to produce renewable energy. While reducing fossil fuel needs, growing short rotation coppices (SRCs), such as poplar or willow, may have a high impact on local air quality as these species are known to produce high amounts of isoprene, which can lead to the production of tropospheric ozone (O3). Here
Att planera lokal och regional kollektivtrafik i så kallade ’starka stråk’ – det vill säga att koncentrera infrastruktur och resurser till ett antal färre, men attraktivare stråk i en stad eller en region – är ett standardförfarande i samtida kollektivtrafikplanering. Så har inte alltid varit fallet dock. Denna avhandling visar hur organiseringen av beslutsfattande, planeringspraktiker och den rumPlanning local and regional public transport in so-called ’transit corridors’ – i.e., to concentrate infrastructure and resources to few, but more attractive corridors in a city or a region – is commonplace in contemporary public transport planning. This has not always been the case, however. In this thesis I analyze how transit corridors have come to dominate the policies and planning practices o
The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized several areas of biological research by making genome engineering easy, affordable, fast, accessible and scalable. One field that has not yet benefited from this technological advance is that of mitochondrial DNA research. Study I addresses the challenges associated with adapting CRISPR-Cas9 to the mitochondrial environment, and identifies
The capacitive biosensor technology can be utilized for the analytical detection of a variety of different compounds. By employing the electrical double-layer principle, it is possible to detect very low concentrations of the target analyte due the methods inherent high sensitivity. This affinity-based capacitive biosensor is a powerful tool also for the analytical detection of low molecular weigh
Realistic and accurate reconstructions of past vegetation cover are necessary to study past environmental changes. This is important since the effects of human land-use changes (e.g. agriculture, deforestation and afforestation/reforestation) on biodiversity and climate are still under debate. Over the last decade, development, validation, and application of pollen-vegetation relationship models h
BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates have profound effects on bone physiology, and could modify the process of metastasis. We undertook collaborative meta-analyses to clarify the risks and benefits of adjuvant bisphosphonate treatment in breast cancer.METHODS: We sought individual patient data from all unconfounded trials in early breast cancer that randomised between bisphosphonate and control. Primary ou
Delirium is a serious and common condition in the intensive care unit (ICU), which affects 30-50 % of the patients and is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the context of long-term outcomes. No evidence-based treatment for delirium exists, and currently, delirium is mainly treated pharmacologically with haloperidol, a typical antipsychotic agent. The “Agents Intervening against
Room acoustic simulations are an important tool, both for design of spaces with satisfactory acoustics and for use in virtual reality experiences. Auralization of acoustic simulations are becoming more and more important in the context of Virtual and Augmented reality (VR and AR respectively), as the technology is used more and more in healthcare, culture and research. In this work, ray tracing si
Insect behaviours, such as host and mate selection, are often mediated by chemical cues. The chemical cuesare detected by large and rapidly evolving families of chemoreceptors which include odorant receptors (ORs),gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). In this thesis, I used a model system of beetle(Coleoptera) species to study the functional evolution of insect ORs, their ligan
Objectives: The randomized controlled trial comparing digital breast tomosynthesis and synthetic 2D mammograms (DBT + SM) versus digital mammography (DM) (the To-Be 1 trial), 2016–2017, did not result in higher cancer detection for DBT + SM. We aimed to determine if negative cases prior to interval and consecutive screen-detected cancers from DBT + SM were due to interpretive error. Methods: Five
divided the data set temporally, assessing the persistence of identified subgroups over different periods. The reassessment of mortality risk used the targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) method to achieve more robust causal modeling. Results: We analyzed data from 21,005 children. The mortality risk (6 weeks to 3 years of age) was 5.2% (95% CI 4.8%-5.6%) for children born between 2003 an
European Environmental Research Infrastructures (ENVRIs) on the ESFRI level are core facilities for providing data, research products and services from the four subdomains of Earth system science – Atmosphere, Marine, Solid Earth, and Biodiversity/Terrestrial Ecosystems. The ENVRI Cluster represents the core component of the European environmental research infrastructure landscape, with the ENVRI
Background: The African continent hosts many industrial mining projects, and many more are planned due to recent prospecting discoveries and increasing demand for various minerals to promote a low-carbon future. The extraction of natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) represents an opportunity for economic development but also poses a threat to population health through rapid urbanisation a
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease is essential to develop preventive treatment strategies. Detectible change in brain volume emerges relatively late in the pathogenic progression of disease, but microstructural changes caused by early neuropathology may cause subtle changes in the MR signal, quantifiable using texture analysis. Texture analysis quantifies spatial patterns in an image, such as
Pulchrol, a natural compound isolated from the roots of the vegetal specie Bourreria pulchra has been shown to possess potential antiparasitic activity toward Trypanosomatids, particularly against Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes the Chagas disease; and moderately against Leishmania species, responsible for Leishmaniasis. In this investigation, several pulchrol analogues were prepared and assayed t
