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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the risk of delayed neurodegenerative processes, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, may promote secondary injury development after TBI. Conversely, neutralizing IL-1β was found to improve functional recovery following experimental TBI. However, the mechanisms underlying the behavioral improvements o

Inom beredskapen mot radiologiska och nukleära olyckor och katastrofer spelar strålningsmätningar en avgörande roll för att ta reda på vad som har hänt och hur farligt det är för människa, djur och natur och på vilket sätt det påverkar miljö och samhällsfunktioner. I Sverige och många andra länder i världen har allmänheten en rättighet att få reda på vad som hänt och vad de utsätts för i ett eventThis thesis describes investigations made on mobile and stationary gammaspectrometry made both under laboratory conditions and in situ. The objective hasbeen to identify and quantify radionuclides in the form of point sources,contamination and widespread deposition in situations where the measurementgeometry is not known beforehand. Both scintillators and semiconductor detectors ofsimilar size wer

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is a promising way to achieve high thermal efficiency and low emissions, especially by using multiple injection strategies. The mechanisms behind PPC efficiency are still to be explained and explored. In this paper, multiple injections have been used to affect the gross indicated efficiency in an optical PPC engine modified from a Volvo MD13 heavy-duty diesel en

This thesis examines so-called pancake sentences, an agreement anomaly found in Swedish, Danish and Norwegian. In these languages, predicative adjectives typically agree with their subjects in number and grammatical gender. However, with certain subjects the predicative takes a t-form, corresponding to singular neuter, regardless of the number and gender of the subject. Such sentences are commonlyThis thesis examines so-called pancake sentences, an agreement anomaly found in Swedish, Danish and Norwegian. In these languages, predicative adjectives typically agree with their subjects in number and grammatical gender. However, with certain subjects the predicative takes a t-form, corresponding to singular neuter, regardless of the number and gender of the subject. Such sentences are commonly

Lipids preserved within the walls of ancient pottery vessels are routinely analysed to reveal their original contents. The provenience of aquatic lipids in pottery is generally connected to vessel function (e.g., for cooking or storing fish, shellfish and aquatic mammals). However, ethnographic reports from early historic Alaska mention the use of aquatic oils for waterproofing low-fired pottery.

Rapeseed press cake (RPC), the by-product of rapeseed oil production, contains proteins with emulsifying properties, which can be used in food applications. Proteins from industrially produced RPC were extracted at pH 10.5 and precipitated at pH 3 (RPP3) and 6.5 (RPP6.5). Emulsions were formulated at three different pHs (pH 3, 4.5, and 6) with soy lecithin as control, and were stored for six month

The synthesis of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis((5,10-bis((2-hexyldecyl)oxy)dithieno[3,2-c:3′,2′-h][1,5]naphthyridin-2-yl)ethynyl)porphyrin zinc(II) (Por4NT), a near-infrared (NIR) emitting compound, comprising a zinc porphyrin core linked with triple bonds through its meso positions to four 5,10-bis((2-hexyldecyl)oxy)dithieno[3,2-c:3′,2′-h][1,5]naphthyridine (NT) arms is reported. Por4NT featured high solub

In plants the chloroplast thylakoid membrane is the site of light-dependent photosynthetic reactions coupled to ATP synthesis. The ability of the plant cell to build and alter this membrane system is essential for efficient photosynthesis. A nucleotide translocator homologous to the bovine mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) was previously found in spinach thylakoids. Here we have identified and c

Background: The pathological process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) probably starts decades before the onset of symptoms and the clinical AD diagnosis. In patients with AD, the level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) is usually lower, and the levels of total tau (T-tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-tau) higher than in healthy elderly people. However, the cutoffs differ between studies an

This paper is concerned with the manufacturing strategy decision-making structure in multi-plant networks, i.e. how strategic manufacturing decision-making authority is distributed between the network level (i.e. headquarters) and the plant level. We use survey data from 107 manufacturing plants. This research identifies three different structures: centralised at the network headquarter, decentral

Laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence has been investigated for the imaging of alkali compounds in premixed laminar methane–air flames. An ArF excimer laser, providing pulses of wavelength 193 nm, was used to photodissociate KCl, KOH, and NaCl molecules in the post-flame region and fluorescence from the excited atomic alkali fragment was detected. Fluorescence emission spectra showed disti

Several species of small birds are resident in boreal forests where environmental temperatures can be −20 to −30 °C, or even lower, in winter. As winter days are short, and food is scarce, winter survival is a challenge for small endothermic animals. A bird of this size will have to gain almost 10% of its lean body mass in fat every day to sustain overnight metabolism. Birds such as parids (titmic

Biotechnological leaching has been proposed as a suitable method for extraction of vanadium from spent catalysts and oil ash. In the biological leaching process, the vanadium(V) can be reduced to vanadium(IV), which is a less toxic and more soluble form of the vanadium. The present investigation showed that Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans efficiently reduced vanadium(V) in the form of vanadium pent

Instead of investing 145 billion SEK in building a new high speed rail network, much greater value in terms of transport capacity is likely to be found in constructing a new system of tube transport with a travel speed of 600 km/h. The suggested technology does not exist yet. However, research and development is advancing and accepting that a new technology is emerging might be the greatest hurdle

Bakgrund: En stor utmaning inom klädindustrin är att kombinera produkters korta livscykler med de komplexa försörjningskedjornas långa ledtider. Följaktligen finns det ett antal supply chain-strategier som hanterar utmaningen olika: kostnadseffektiva, responsiva och resultatdrivna som fokuserar på ett större antal aspekter. Dessa olika strategier lokaliserar outsourcad och offshorad produktion oliBackground: One of the main challenges in the fashion apparel industry is combining the products short lifetimes with the complex supply chains and long lead-times. There are thus several different types of supply chains that compete differently: the physically efficient, the market responsive and the outcome-driven supply chain. These supply chains locate outsourced and offshored production diffe

Europeiska Unionens system för handel med utsläppsrätter, EU ETS, syftar till att på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt reducera mängden växthusgaser som släpps ut av industriella verksamheter runt om i unionen. Interaktioner med andra styrmedel befaras kunna minska systemets effektivitet, därför har unionen försökt undvika sådana. Trots detta har svenska myndigheter ansett sig både berättigade och motiveThe European Union Emissions Trading System, the EU ETS, is designed to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by industrial activity across the union in a cost-efficient way. Interactions with other governance instruments could potentially reduce the efficiency of the system. For this reason, the union has tried to avoid these types of interactions. Despite this, Swedish authorities has co

The Alps are undergoing constant landscape changes due to modern socio economic changes. Especially grassland ecosystems of alpine meadows and pastures are threatened by the slow abandonment of the alpine transhumance traditions. This influences not only biodiversity but also the important cultural landscape seen as a valuable heritage in the Alps. The landscape in the North Italian alpine provinc

En ny akustisk infångningsenhet med kraftigt ökad kapacitet kan anrika nanopartiklar från kroppsvätskor. Det finns otroligt mycket information att utvinna ur biologiska vätskor som blod och urin. Biomolekyler som proteiner, blodkroppar och RNA kan säga väldigt mycket om en patients hälsa. Denna information är därför väldigt användbar för läkare när de ska sätta diagnoser, men för att få ut någonThis thesis outlines the design and construction of an acoustophoretic trapping device with greatly increased capacity and throughput, compared to current commercial systems. In acoustic trapping, a strong, localised acoustic field is generated inside a channel. This field can capture and retain particles against a flow, allowing for nanoparticle purification and enrichment without the need for ul

Grundämnena, som bygger upp komplexa molekyler som vårt DNA, är samma material som stjärnor består av. Faktum är att vi människor består till 93 % av så kallat sjärnstoft, eller sjärndamm. De simplaste ämnena, väte och helium, skapades i Big Bang, för ungefär 13,7 miljarder år sedan. De resterande 90 ämnena i periodiska systemet bildas i olika typer av stjärnor och i detta arbete har jag tagit fraPurpose: The purpose of this work is to determine the abundances of neutron-capture elements in solar neighborhood giant stars. This enables constraints to be put on the the cosmic origin of these elements. I have determined abundances of elements produced in both the weak s-process (Cu), the first and second s-process peaks (Y, Zr and La, Ce, Pr, Nd, respectively) and the r-process (Eu, Gd). The