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Idrottsrörelsen är i dag Sveriges största folkrörelse och idrotten är världen över en angelägenhet för väldigt många människor. Idrottsrörelsen har en lång tradition av autonomi och självbestämmande, som tillsammans med en tilltagande kommersialisering har förstärkts av ett stort användande av skiljeavtal och egna skiljenämnder. Detta har gett upphov till frågan när allmänna domstolar egentligen bToday, the sports movement is the largest social movement in Sweden, and sports are a matter for many people all around the world. The Swedish sports movement has enjoyed a sense of autonomy and independence during a long period of time, and this order has been enhanced due to an increased extent of commercialisation, together with a vast use of arbitration agreements and own arbitration panels. T

Hur väl fungerar tillämpningen av ersättningsreglerna för miljö- och företagsskada? När en väg anläggs, omläggs eller breddas kan det orsaka olägenheter för närliggande fastigheter. Finns det en klar och samlad tillämpning av ersättningsreglerna som aktualiseras vid dessa situationer? Den huvudsakliga frågan som examensarbetet undersöker är hur marknadsvärdeminskningen på småhus till följd av During the construction, realignment, or widening of roads, various disturbances can occur that affect the market value of nearby properties. These disturbances typically include things such as increased noise, vibration, changes in soil conditions, increased sensitivity to wind, and all contibute to severe disruption of the property. In order to provide appropriate compensation to property owners

År 2022 meddelades ett prejudikat i HFD:s dom 2022 ref. 4 I och II som kom att kallas påtalandeskyldigheten. Avgörandet ålägger leverantören att påtala brister i upphandlingsunderlaget innan anbudstidens utgång för att skada ska kunna anses föreligga. Påtalandeskyldigheten är mycket omtalad och det kan ifrågasättas om prejudikatet kan anses förenligt med unionsrätten. Syftet med uppsatsen är att uIn 2022 the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court ruled in case HFD 2022 ref. 4 I och II, creating a precedent which orders the applicant in a retrial case concerning public procurement to point out flaws in the tender documents before the end of the tender period. If the applicant does not fulfill this requirement the court will not consider that the harm requirement in the Swedish public procurem

Våldtäktsbestämmelsen har varit föremål för flera stora reformer, bland annat införandet av frivillighetsrekvisitet 1 juli 2018. Denna uppsats ämnar att undersöka tolkningen av frivillighetsrekvisitet där den tilltalade och målsäganden har en bakgrund av tidigare sexuell kontakt. Studien fokuserar särskilt på hur domstolarna använder information om parternas agerande före, under och efter den aktuThe regulation on rape in Sweden has been subject to several major reforms, including the introduction of the requirement of voluntariness on 1st of July 2018. This essay aims to examine the interpretation of the voluntariness re-quirement in cases where the defendant and the plaintiff have a history of pri-or sexual contact. The study mainly focuses on how the courts use infor-mation about the pa

Uppsatsen undersöker den svenska lagreformen av våldtäktsbrottet år 2018, som innebar införande av samtyckeslagen och oaktsam våldtäkt som ett nytt brott. Reformen, motiverad delvis av #metoo-rörelsen 2017, fokuserade på att bedöma om deltagandet i en sexuell handling var frivilligt eller inte, i stället för att kräva våld, hot eller utnyttjande som tidigare. Trots lagens tydlighet har rättspraxisThe essay examines the Swedish legal reform of the rape offense in 2018, which introduced the consent law and negligent rape as a new offense. The reform, partly motivated by the #metoo movement in 2017, focused on assessing whether participation in a sexual act was voluntary or not, rather than requiring violence, threat, or coercion as before. Despite the clarity of the law, judicial practice ha

Brine disposal remains one of the most significant environmental challenges associated with desalination, driving the need for sustainable technologies such zero liquid discharge (ZLD) systems. Among emerging ZLD techniques, membrane distillation crystallization (MDCr) offers a promising approach by integrating water recovery with salt crystallization. In MDCr, a hydrophobic membrane separates wat

Artificiell intelligens (AI) har potentialen att revolutionera hälso- och sjukvår-den genom att möjliggöra tidigare och mer precisa diagnoser, individanpas-sade behandlingar och effektivare resursanvändning. Samtidigt medför AI-teknikens intåg komplexa juridiska och etiska utmaningar som måste hanteras på ett ansvarsfullt och genomtänkt sätt. Detta examensarbete analyserar dessa utmaningar, med foArtificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by ena-bling earlier and more accurate diagnoses, personalized treatments and more efficient use of resources. At the same time, the advent of AI technology brings with it complex legal and ethical challenges that need to be addressed in a responsible and thoughtful manner. This thesis analyzes these challenges, focusing on

The Million Homes Programme, launched in Sweden during the 1960s, resulted in the construction of over one million homes to address a national housing shortage. A majority of the houses consist of linear block buildings, many of which now require renovation. Moreover, climate change and increasing energy demands have put pressure on the building sector to reduce emissions and improve energy perfor

This thesis aims to describe and examine the democratic deficit critique and the problems with democratic legitimacy in the EU's supranational system of governance. It specially addresses the role of the European Parliament and the national parliaments in the EU decision-making procedures. As parliaments traditionally, in liberal democracy theories, are considered strongholds and symbols of de

Process-based models can be classified into: (a) terrestrial biogeochemical models (TBMs), which simulate fluxes of carbon, water and nitrogen coupled within terrestrial ecosystems, and (b) dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), which further couple these processes interactively with changes in slow ecosystem processes depending on resource competition, establishment, growth and mortality of di

We report a dual phase boron nitride (BN) material composed of 50% cubic and 50% wurtzite phases that has the same level of hardness as polycrystalline diamond. The dual phase BN material was initially synthesized from high pressure and high temperature consolidation of powder materials and subsequently, a laser/waterjet heat treatment (LWH) was applied to the material surface. The LWH process con

Several new oral antidiabetic agents, known as 'gliptins' or 'enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors', have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and a key clinical use of the gliptins is in combination with metformin. There are important differences in the kinetics of the interaction of different gliptins with the catalytic site of DPP-4, which may lead to varying pharmac

Background Progressive keratoconus can lead to severely impaired vision, but there is currently no consensus on the definition of progressive disease. Errors in the measurement of the parameters commonly used to establish progressive disease were evaluated in an attempt to determine the limits at which a true change in the values can be detected. The possible association between measurement error

Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well as a locus for community engagement. At the same t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Synkrotronstrålning genereras när laddade partiklar som färdas med relativistiska hastigheter böjs av i ett magnetfält. Under accelerationen som böjningen utgör genereras synkrotronstrålning i en smal kon i partikelns framåtriktning. Denna fotonstrålning är intensiv och utgör en användbar prob inom materialforskningen. Genom att belysa material med synkrotronstrålningenWithin research, synchrotron radiation is a highly useful probe for the study of materials, their properties and structures. Currently, no other radiation source allows the combination of high intensity and short wavelengths. The 3rd generation light sources currently in use for the production of synchrotron radiation are however considerable investments: for already existing facilities this makes

The severity of urinary tract infection (UTI) reflects the quality and magnitude of the host response. While strong local and systemic innate immune activation occurs in patients with acute pyelonephritis, the response to asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is low. The immune response repertoire in ABU has not been characterized, due to the inherent problem to distinguish bacterial differences from hos

Conventional surveillance systems are omnipresent and most are still based on analog techniques. Migrating to the digital domain grants access to the world of digital image processing enabling automation of such systems, which means extracting information from the image stream without human interaction. The resolution, frame rates, and functionality in these systems are continuously increasing alo

Experiments with birch bark samples have been carried to enable a distinction between extraction and degradation effects during pressurised hot water extraction. Two samples, E80 and El 80, contained birch bark extracts obtained after extraction at 80 and 180 degrees C for up to 45 min, respectively. Two other samples, P80 and P180, were only extracted for 5 min at the two temperatures and were th

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory nasal disorder in which a range of different cells participates. A variety of approaches has been used to monitor nasal inflammation objectively to investigate disease processes and to evaluate the effect of therapeutic intervention. These approaches include nasal lavage, nasal cytology, and nasal biopsy, together with the more recently established measurement

Popular Abstract in Swedish Bland infektionssjukdomarna är Enterobacteriaceae den viktigaste gruppen av bakterier. Den kan orsaka ett flertal olika infektioner så som blodförgiftning, urinvägsinfektion, hjärnhinneinflammation, bukhinneinflammation, gallvägsinfektioner, lunginflammation och diarrésjukdomar. Den vanligaste orsaken till blodförgiftning är bakterier som har kommit in i blodet från uriIn human medicine, the most important family of bacteria is Enterobacteriaceae, which includes genera and species that cause well-defined diseases and also nosocomial infections. These bacteria can give rise to numerous infections such as septicaemia and urinary tract infections. It is important to combat these infections with effective antibiotics, because many of them are associated with high mo