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Det nns olika strålterapitekniker som används för att behandla cancer. Extern strålbehandling är den vanligaste formen av strålterapi. Syftet med extern strålbehandling är att döda eller bromsa cancercellens tillväxt genom att inducera strålskador i DNA, som kommer påverka deras mekanismer och leda till döden. Den eekt uppnås när höga doser levereras till tumören. Problemet som uppstår vid användnPurpose: In 2019 Varian EthosTM linear accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, CA, USA) with integrated artificial intelligence (AI) was installed at Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, enabling online adaptive radiotherapy (oART) e.g for bladder cancer patients with a large margin reduction. The AI utilizes so called influencers for initial delineation of the targets and organs at risks (OAR) usin

Wood decay fungi are often classified as either brown rot or white rot, depending on their mechanism of accessing nutrients in wood. This dichotomy assumes that white rot fungi break down lignin with various enzymes, while brown rot fungi leave it mostly unmodified and instead bypass it with diffusion of small molecules to reach the desired hemicellulose and cellulose. The effect of different sour

För att främja den sociala hållbarheten behöver de mänskliga rättigheterna prägla arbetet kring utformningen av samhället. I Sverige upprätthålls detta arbete bl.a. via de Transportpolitiska målen. De transportpolitiska målen tar hänsyn till människors olika funktion och behov, målsättningen strävar efter att uppfylla dessa behov. En del av arbetet kring målsättningen är att göra samhället tiHuman rights need to imprint on the work of shaping society to promote social sustainability. This thinking is established in Sweden via Transport policy goals. The Transport policy goals consider people's different level of function and the different needs and work towards meeting these needs. Part of those goals is to make society accessible and usable for individual contribution in soci

Development of genetically modified microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae for use as microbial cell factories to produce fine and bulk chemicals has lately proceeded very rapidly, much thanks to new gene editing methods based on a CRISPR/Cas9 system adapted from bacteria which increases the rate of genetic engineering. However, development of methods which enable fast and simple screenin

Examensarbetets titel: Hemma bra, men borta bäst? - En kvantitativ studie om individers prestation och motivation relaterat till en ökad frekvens av hemarbete Seminariedatum: 2020-06-03 Ämne/kurs: FEKH19, Företagsekonomi: Examensarbete på kandidatnivå i Strategic Management, 15 hp Författare: Julia Anderberg, Jessica Lind och Malin Olsson Handledare: Devrim Göktepe-Hultén Nyckelord: HemarbeteTitle: Home is good, but away is best? - A quantitative study about individuals’ performance and motivation related to an increased frequency of working remotely Seminar date: 2020-06-03 Course: FEKH19, Business Administration: Bachelor’s degree Project in Strategic Management, Undergraduate level, 15 credits Authors: Julia Anderberg, Jessica Lind and Malin Olsson Advisor: Devrim Göktepe-Hulté

With the publication of 'Garden Cities of To-Morrow' in 1898, Ebenezer Howard gave the go-ahead to the Garden City Movement. Howard’s concept of the garden city arose from his anti-capitalist critiques. Many industrial cities in the United Kingdom were facing urbanization problems, leading to the working class living in terrible circumstances in the suburban areas. This process caused a po

The world of data is changing fast, while data always have been present in the world of computer science the importance of data has in the last couple of years grown, and it does not seem to be slowing down. The data usage is steadily increasing and the amount of data is growing, as well as the ever expanding amount of devices that produce data, especially in fields such at IoT and cloud computing

Arktis står inför stora förändringar i samband med rådande klimat- och miljöförändringar, där de arktiska kusterna är utsatta. Förändringar i temperatur, havsnivå, stormar och havsisens utbredning är några av de faktorer som spelar in i hur kusterna och stränderna kan förändras. Syftet med studien är att först översiktligt se vilka kustmorfologiska förändringar som sker i Arktis idag och huruvida The Arctic is facing great changes due to current climate changes, where the Arctic coasts are especially vulnerable. Changes in temperature, mean sea level, storms and sea ice extent are some of the factors that shape how the coasts and beaches can be changed. The purpose of this study is firstly to examine what changes the Arctic coasts are experiencing today and whether they can be correlated t

Written essay investigates Gothenburg municipalitys´ new policy which tries to integrate unaccompanied minors in strong socio-economic neighborhoods. This essay therefore tries to answer the question of how prepared these communities are for integrating their new neighbors,- this is done by a case study of city district of Örgryte-Härlanda, which is one of many places planned for temporary accommo

Bakgrund: Elektroniktillverkaren The Company implementerade för 4-5 år sedan en ABC-klassificeringsmodell för klassificering av de komponenter som de köper in. Nu vill företaget utmana den nuvarande modellen och utvärdera om de använder korrekta parametrar för klassificering, för att undersöka om det finns möjlighet till förbättring. Därför efterfrågar The Company en ny modell som baseras på den tBackground: The electronic manufacturing company The Company implemented a new model for ABC classification of supplied components about 4-5 years ago. Today, they want to challenge this model and evaluate if they have been using the correct parameters, or if improvement can be made. They wish for a new model that is based on the theory in field, to make a comparison with the existing model. The p

Author: Lovisa Ottoson & Lykke Olsson Title: To become a parent in a forbidden way - a qualitative study on single mothers by choice in Sweden who have children through assisted reproduction Supervisor: Roberto Scaramuzzino Assessor: Frans Oddner The purpose of this study is to examine how single mothers by choice experience that norms in our society affects them. It is interesting to see how

En delägare som innehar kvalificerade andelar i ett fåmansföretag omfattas av de s.k. 3:12-reglerna som innebär att utdelning och kapitalvinst till viss del ska beskattas i inkomstslaget tjänst i stället för i inkomstslaget kapital. Om delägaren ska överlåta företaget kan han eller hon inom lagens gränser vidta en rad åtgärder för minska och senarelägga skatten som ska betalas för kapitalvinsten. A shareholder who holds qualified shares in a closely held company is subject to a special set of tax rules named the 3:12 rules. These rules lead to shareholders’ dividends and capital gains to some degree being taxed as labor income instead of capital income. If the shareholder should transfer the company, it is possible – within the boundaries of the law – to make some arrangements to reduce an

The Iron Closet has always been deep, and although never leading to Narnia it has on occasions had the potential to be a one-way ticket to a forced labour camp. After the decline of the Soviet Union, however, the Western world rejoiced; the second parenthesis had been set out and we now lived in the main narrative again where everything ought to make sense. Countries in the post-Soviet space would

När vi drabbas utav bakteriella infektioner agerar immunförsvaret kvickt för att utrota dessa elakingar som orsakar sjukdomar. De kanske mest kända försvararna är de vita blodkropparna, olika celler som upptäcker och utrotar hot. T-cellen, vars namn kommer från engelskans Thymus (brässen, ett litet organ i bröstkorgen) är delvis ansvariga för upptäckandet av hoten. T-cellen har en receptor kallad T cells play an important role in the immune system where T cell receptors (TCR) identify foreign pathogens bound to major histocompability complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs). The detection of an antigen causes the T cell to trigger, which is an activation of the cell that results in a cellular immune response. This triggering process is not fully understood and studying th

Kol har lagrats is torvmarker i tusentals år och idag innehåller torvmarkerna ca en tredjedel av all markkol på jorden. Det råder stor osäkerhet hur torvmarker kommer att reagera på klimatförändringar. Detta beror på att de kalla, blöta och syrefattiga förhållandena leder till motsatta effekter för global uppvärmning; dels lagras koldioxid eftersom fotosyntesen är större än respirationen (kylande Northern peatlands have accumulated carbon for thousands of years and currently hold around one third of all soil carbon on earth. Large uncertainties are associated with predictions of how northern peatlands will react to climate change. This is because the cold, wet and anaerobic conditions lead to two opposing forces from a radiative forcing perspective – CO2 sequestration from photosynthesis b

Den 2 juli 2014 infördes lagändringar om bygglovsbefriade åtgärder i syfte att förenkla plan- och bygglovsprocessen, minska bostadsbristen och att fastighetsägare skulle få mer handlingsutrymme utan att krav ställs från myndigheter. I samband med lagändringarna infördes regler om bygglovsbefriade komplementbostadshus i 9 kap. 4 a § PBL. En byggnad som får utgöra maximalt 25 kvadratmeter och som skThe Swedish Government has recently initiated additional permit-free buildings with the aim to simplify the Planning and Building act, reduce the housing shortage and increase a property owner’s proprietorship. According to the amendment it is possible to construct a complementary home with the size of 25 square meters in close proximity to an existing house. This building is known as an Attefall

Children are not only negatively affected by being exposed to violence themselves, but they are also affected by witnessing violence. For example, mental health issues and not getting the support that they need. In 2021, the law “barnfridsbrott” came into effect, making it illegal to allow a child to witness violence between people they have a close relationship with. This study is about the conce

The aim of this project was to investigate suitable prototyping methods to be used during the development of horn loudspeakers. Different methods were tested to investigate how well they replicated the original loudspeaker based on acoustical performance. The methods were also evaluated based on other requirements such as cost, manufacturing process and ability to handle complexes shapes. The meth

Land use for reindeer husbandry and forestry are overlapping in large areas of northern Sweden. This co-location is characterized by dynamics in which the forest industry owns the land and the power to transform it, and the reindeer industry possesses a user-right for reindeer grazing and herding. During the last couple of years, critique towards the forest industry has grown louder, and reindeer-

Dagens Nyheter etablerade under våren 2022 lokala redaktioner i Luleå och Umeå med syftet att förmedla nyhetshändelser från Norrland till en rikspublik. Sedan uppstarten i mars 2022 till tidpunkten för genomförandet av denna studie har runt 180 artiklar producerats av redaktionens reportrar. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Norrland representeras och gestaltas i Dagens Nyheter och ifall etaDuring the spring of 2022, the Stockholm-based newspaper Dagens Nyheter established two newsrooms in the cities Luleå and Umeå located in the north of Sweden. The purpose was to communicate news events from Norrland to a national audience. From the start of the newsrooms until the time of this study, around 180 articles were published. The aim of this study is to investigate how the region of Nor