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There is some evidence that perinatal factors, specifically birth weight (BW), may be related to the onset of prostate cancer (PRCA). This case-control study, nested within the Malmo Diet and Cancer Cohort Study, used archived birth record data from 308 incident PRCA cases diagnosed between 1991 and 2005, and 637 age-matched controls among 4781 men born (1923-1945) in Malmo and Lund, Sweden. We ap

Skogarna på den norra hemisfären har en betydande roll i den globala kolbalansen på grund av deras förmåga att agera som kolkälla. En annan aspekt som gör de intressanta är deras känslighet för tänkbara kommande klimatförändringar där en möjlig följd är ökad störningsfrekvens. Störningar (som bland annat innefattar storm, insektsangrepp och brand) påverkar skogens kolbalans genom att minska upptagOn the night between the 8th and 9th of January 2005 one of the worst wind storms Sweden has experienced took place. The storm caused damage to 270 000 ha of forest and 75 · 106 m3 wood. Due to the great areas affected, this event has a significant effect on the forest carbon balance. The aim of this study includes determining the usefulness of MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer)

Neuroblastomas (NBs) are tumours of the sympathetic nervous system accounting for 8-10% of paediatric cancers. NBs exhibit extensive intertumour genetic heterogeneity, but their extent of intratumour genetic diversity has remained unexplored. We aimed to assess intratumour genetic variation in NBs with a focus on whole chromosome changes and their underlying mechanism. Allelic ratios obtained by S

The identity of the cells that contribute to brain tumor structure and progression remains unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been isolated from normal mouse brain. Here, we report the infiltration of MSC-like cells into the GL261 murine glioma model. These Brain Tumor derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BT-MSCs) are defined with the phenotype (Lin-Sca-1+CD9+CD44+CD166+/-) and have m

The aim of this study was to determine, through a genome-wide association study (GWAS), the genetic components contributing to different clinical sub-phenotypes of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We considered limited (IcSSc) and diffuse (dcSSc) cutaneous involvement, and the relationships with presence of the SSc-specific auto-antibodies, anti-centromere (ACA), and anti-topoisomerase I (ATA). Four GWAS

OBJECTIVES: To examine patient willingness and possible shift in willingness for surgery and to investigate factors associated with this shift, following participation in the digital non-surgical osteoarthritis (OA) treatment program Joint Academy.METHODS: 458 individuals (mean age 62±5.6 years, 67% women) with diagnosed hip or knee were evaluated after six weeks in Joint Academy, comprising educa

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to mitochondrial defects, which could manifest in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms or mutations. Additionally, copy number of mtDNA (mtDNA-cn) can be quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)s, indirectly reflecting cellular energetics, or in the circulating cell-free mtDNA (ccf-mtDNA) levels, which may reflect a fraction of the

BACKGROUND: Club foot is a common congenital deformity affecting 150 000-200 000 children every year. Untreated patients end up walking on the side or back of the affected foot, with severe social and economic consequences. Club foot is highly treatable by the Ponseti method, a non-invasive technique that has been described as highly suitable for use in resource-limited settings. To date, there ha

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that haem iron, which is found predominantly in red meat and increases endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, may be positively associated with lung cancer. The objective was to examine the relationship between haem iron intake and lung cancer risk using detailed smoking history data and serum cotinine to control for potential confound

Factors related to insulin resistance have been implicated in prostate cancer development, however, few analytical studies support such an association. We performed a case control study on 392 prostate cancer cases and 392 matched controls nested in a prospective cohort in Northern Sweden. Plasma concentrations of C-peptide, leptin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting and post-load glucose we

Standard signal processing techniques are implicitly based on the assumption that the signal lies on a regular, homogeneous domain. In practice, however, many signals lie on an irregular or inhomogeneous domain. An application area where data are naturally defined on an irregular or inhomogeneous domain is human brain neuroimaging. The goal in neuroimaging is to map the structure and function of t

Insertion of metals into various tetrapyrroles is catalysed by a group of enzymes called chelatases, e.g. nickel, cobalt, magnesium and ferrochelatase. It has been proposed that catalytic metallation includes distorting the porphyrin substrate by the enzyme towards a transition state-like geometry in which at least one of the pyrrole rings will be available for metal chelation. Here, we present a

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den övergripande målsättningen med denna avhandling har varit att undersöka molekylära förändringar i icke läkande venösa bensår. Framförallt har fokus lagts på faktorer som underhåller den ständigt pågående inflammationen i venösa sår. Med tanke på att alla venösa sår alltid koloniseras av olika bakterier, har vi undersökt hur bakterier kan påverka sårläkning och inflaChronic skin ulcers are a major health problem and an increasing burden on health care providers. These ulcers have various underlying causes, such as venous or arterial insufficiency, diabetes, or vasculitis. Non-healing venous leg ulcers represent a condition characterized by excessive inflammation and presence of bacteria. The overall aim of this thesis has been to explore the pathogenesis of t

Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna studie var att (I) utvärdera sambandet mellan övervikt mätt med det s.k. body mass index (BMI) och operation med höftleds- eller knäledsprotes (konstgjord led) på grund av artros, (II) utvärdera sambandet mellan mekanisk belastning på grund av yrke och operation med höftleds- eller knäledsprotes på grund av artros, (III) utvärdera naturalförloppet för eThe purpose of this study was to (I) assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) due to osteoarthritis (OA), (II) assess the association between the mechanical load of work and THR and TKR due to OA, (III) evaluate the natural history of radiographic hip OA with regards to THR and hip fracture, (IV) to determine the prevalen

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is gradually being recognised as a cause of morbidity in the community. We investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of CDI in a community setting and characterised the C. difficile strains by toxin gene profiling and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotyping. Patients included in the study had attended general practice, primarily because of dia

Popular Abstract in Swedish Proteiner är livsnödvändiga och finns i alla celler. De flesta proteinerna katalysear kemiska reaktioner och kallas då enzymer. Enzymer och proteiner (äggviteämnen) är uppbyggda av aminosyror ihopkopplade till kedjor som kan vara olika långa. Det finns 20 stycken olika aminosyror. Man kan göra en liknelse med ett pärlhalsband tillverkat av 20 olika pärlor, varje pärla mFerrochelatase catalyses the terminal step in heme biosynthesis by inserting a ferrous ion into protoporphyrin IX. The reaction mechanism has in this thesis been studied by mainly crystallographic methods. The structure of ferrochelatase from Bacillus subtilis co-crystallized with N-methyl mesoporphyrin allowed for the first time a characterization of the active site of the enzyme. The structure

Popular Abstract in Swedish Förståelse av hjärtats pumpförmåga är av yttersta vikt för att kunna behandla patienter med hjärtsjukdom, framförallt hjärtsvikt. Studier av hjärtat har av naturliga skäl framförallt gjorts med öppen bröstkorg eller med hjärtat uttaget ur kroppen, och detta påverkar hjärtats pumpning. Magnetresonans-kameran gör det möjligt att avbilda hjärtat i alla delar av hjärtcykelnCardiac pumping physiology is important for understanding the pathophysiology of patients with cardiac disease. MRI gives the opportunity to measure volumes and flow non-invasively with high accuracy and precision. This thesis examines some aspects on cardiac pumping physiology. Study I showed that the total heart volume in humans decreases during systole by ~8 % (range 5-11 %), and anatomically i

Purpose: Sweetened beverage consumption is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and LADA. We investigated to what extent this association is mediated by BMI and whether it is modified by genotypes of HLA, TCF7L2 rs7903146, or FTO rs9939609. Methods: Swedish case–control data including incident cases of LADA (n = 386) and T2D (n = 1253) with matched population-based controls (n = 1545) was used. W