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The toxicity of different phenols to the soil bacterial community was studied in the laboratory using the leucine incorporation technique. The effects of environmental factors such as pH, temperature and binding strength to soil particles were also assessed in order to deduce confounding effects due to the chemical and physical conditions in the soil from which the bacterial community was extracte

The review and Paper I present applications of economics to the use of alcohol. The review considers the demand for alcohol. The first paper also considers taxes and other alcohol policy measures, social costs and economic evaluations. In Paper II, an Almost Ideal Demand System Model is used for the study of the demand for alcoholic beverages in Sweden during the years 1985-1995. The results indi

Abstract: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to quantify Photosystem I (PSI) and PSII in vesicles originating from a series of well-defined but different domains of the thylakoid membrane in spinach prepared by non-detergent techniques. Thylakoids from spinach were fragmented by sonication and separated by aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning into vesicles originating from grana and

Aims: Adverse social factors predict increased mortality. This study aimed to assess the influence of social class and marital status on mortality, adding an adult life course perspective. Methods: In total, 32,907 males and 20,204 females were evaluated based on census data in Malmo, Sweden. Of these subjects, 22,444 males and 10,902 females also took part in health screening. The main outcomes w

Many communication systems obtain enhanced performance by using concatenated coding schemes. Turbo codes and woven convolutional codes are two examples of such schemes. The component codes used in these schemes operate at rates close to or even above capacity where the free distance of a code is not relevant anymore and other distance properties have to be taken into account. This thesis consists

Popular Abstract in Swedish Statistik handlar om att beskriva slumpmässiga händelser. Genom att bygga matematiska modeller för hur slumpen beter sig kan man beräkna hur troliga olika händelser är. Skilda ämnen har nytta av olika slags slumpmodeller, men slumpens lagar är universella! Därför kan en slumpmodell som utvecklats inom ett ämne senare visa sig användbar inom ett helt annat. Min avhandlin

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling behandlar modellsystem för farmaka som har DNA och RNA som mål i cellen. Framförallt behandlar den hur strukturen hos DNA och RNA påverkas av inbindning av olika substanser, samt hur fort denna inbindning sker. Tre olika typer av farmaka behandlas: 1. Platinaföreningar som länge använts som cytostatika, 2. RNA interferens som främst har utvecklats undDrugs targeting nucleic acids were studied in DNA and RNA model systems. The effects were investigated with respect to structural and thermodynamic influence, kinetics, and biological function. The drugs employed in this thesis were anticancer active platinum(II) complexes, polyamine derivatives, and siRNA. Structural changes were determined by use of chemical probing and circular dichroism (CD),

A new approach in isothermal heat conduction microcalorimetric studies of chemical and biological processes is explored. The general (non-specific) method of calorimetry is combined with more specific analytical methods of analysis to "multi-functional microcalorimetric process monitors". A microcalorimeter with specific analytical sensors placed in the reaction vessel for studies of processes in

It is still impossible to make an accurate, purely theoretical prediction of the free energy of a ligand binding to a protein in aqueous environment. The two main problems are the immense number of nuclear configurations contributing to the binding free energy and the impossibility to apply accurate quantum-chemical methods to such a large system, even for a single configuration. In this thesis, t

AIMS: The present study aims to quantify non-participation in the RIKS-HIA register during 2005 and to compare acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients registered and not registered in RIKS-HIA, in relation to sociodemographic factors, prevalent disease, and 7-day and 30-day survival. METHODS: We linked information on sociodemographic characteristics, treatments, morbidity, and mortality from th

Recombinant lentiviral vectors (rLV) are powerful tools for gene transfer to the central nervous system (CNS) and hold great potential as a therapeutic gene therapy strategy for neurological disorders. Recent data indicate that rLVs are suitable for functional studies in the CNS by over expression or knock down of specific proteins. Based on a variety of lentiviruses species, different vector syst

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that regulates several genes crucial for tumor development. To identify epigenetically regulated genes in bladder cancer, we performed genome wide expression analyses of eight-bladder cancer cell lines treated with the demethylating agents 5-aza-2'-cytidine and zebularine. To identify methylated C-residues, we sequenced cloned DNA fragments f

The dominating local and regional sources of gaseous and particulate air pollution in the city of Lund (69,000 inhabitants) in southern Sweden were characterized using a combination of aerosol and gas-phase monitoring techniques. Twelve-hour samples were taken at two stations of both fine and coarse fraction urban aerosols with a stacked filter unit during the four-week measurement campaign in Mar

We have previously proposed the use of Doppler ultrasound to non-invasively stage sinus infection, as we showed that acoustic streaming could be generated in nonpurulent sinus secretions and helped to distinguish it from mucopurulent sinus secretions. In order to continue this development of a clinically applicable Doppler equipment, we need to determine different dimensions of the paranasal sinus

This thesis explores a novel transistor technology based on vertical InAs nanowires, which could be considered both for low-power high-frequency analog applications and for replacing Si CMOS in the continued scaling of digital electronics. The potential of this device - the vertical InAs nanowire MOSFET – lies in the combination of the outstanding transport properties of InAs and the improved elec

Biobränslen anses vara ett miljövänligt alternativ till fossila bränslen eftersom de har potential att minska de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser. Studier har visat att en ökad användning av etanol kan komma att påverka atmosfärens kemiska sammansättning och på så sätt bidra till förhöjda koncentrationer av marknära ozon, en luftförorening som är känd för att orsaka ökad dödlighet. Furaner kan frBiofuels are considered to be an environmental friendly alternative to fossil fuels as they have the potential to reduce the global emissions of greenhouse gases. Studies have showed that an increased use of ethanol could alter the atmospheric chemical composition and enhance urban ozone concentrations resulting in higher human mortality rates. In recent years furanic compounds have been considere

The average woman uses 11,000 tampons during her lifetime. Both sanitary pads and tampons have been proven to contain low levels of dioxins, which are a group of highly toxic environmental pollutants known to cause cancer, reproductive damage and endocrine disruption. Some scientists have concluded that dioxin levels in tampons are insignificant to the overall dioxin exposure of menstruating women

Cities around the world are employing strategies to become greener and more sustainable, and urban forests can play a major role in providing environmental benefits. However, it has been found that in many cities those benefits are not equally experienced by citizens, highlighting the importance of examining environmental justice. Environmental justice is commonly conceptualised as composed of thr

Identification of high-biomass sites can lead to further studies on their ecology with the purpose to inform climate change mitigation decisions or give an indication to which sites need stronger protection. The purpose of this study was to, via a remotely sensed data set of tree biomass, identify the locations with the highest biomass in Sweden. As biomass varies across the extent of a stand or