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The need for non-animal data to assess skin sensitisation properties of substances, especially cosmetics ingredients, has spawned the development of many in vitro methods. As it is widely believed that no single method can provide a solution, the Cosmetics Europe Skin Tolerance Task Force has defined a three-phase framework for the development of a non-animal testing strategy for skin sensitisatio
To study and identify early clinical and radiological findings that could help to predict operative intervention for small bowel obstruction. One hundred and nine consecutive patients with small bowel obstruction who underwent small bowel follow-through examination with Gastrografin(A (R)) during 2005-2006. The patients were divided into an operative group and a non-operative group, n = 44 and 65,
Thin, amorphous boron-carbon films are deposited at low temperature (400600?degrees C) by thermally activated CVD using the organoborane triethylboron (TEB) as a single precursor. Two different carrier gases are tested. At 600?degrees C, using argon as the carrier gas, the deposition rate is close to 1?mu m h-1. The film has a density of 2.14?g?cm-3 with a B/C ratio of 3.7. When hydrogen is used a
This paper presents a low latency, high throughput soft-output signal detector for a 4x4 64-QAM spatial-multiplexing MIMO system. To achieve high data-level parallelism and accurate soft information, the detector adopts a channel-adaptive node perturbation technique to generate a list of candidate vectors around an initial linear estimation. The detection algorithm provides a large range and conve
This paper describes a hardware efficient linear pre-coder for Massive MIMO Base Stations (BSs) comprising a very large number of antennas, say, in the order of 100s, serving multiple users simultaneously. To avoid hardware demanding direct matrix inversions required for the Zero-Forcing (ZF) pre-coder, we use low complexity Neumann series based approximations. Furthermore, we propose a method to
How does an individual decision maker update his or her beliefs in the light of others’ beliefs? We present an empirical investigation that varies decision makers’ access to other peoples’ beliefs: whether they know what course of action others have taken (in this case how a problem is solved) and whether they know why this course of action was taken (why a particular solution is preferred).We pro
Of the 287 000 maternal deaths every year, 99% happen in low- and middle-income countries. The vast majority could be averted with timely access to appropriate emergency obstetric care (EmOC). The proportion of women with complications of pregnancy or childbirth who actually receive treatment is reported as 'Met need for EmOC'.
This work describes a new diffusion MR framework for imaging and modeling of microstructure that we call q-space trajectory imaging (QTI). The QTI framework consists of two parts: encoding and modeling. First we propose q-space trajectory encoding, which uses time-varying gradients to probe a trajectory in q-space, in contrast to traditional pulsed field gradient sequences that attempt to probe a
A multi-step synthetic strategy to polysulfone (PSU) grafted with phosphonated poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PFS) is developed. It involves controlled radical polymerization resulting in alkyne-end functional PFS. The next step is the modification of PSU with a number of azide side groups. The grafting of PFS onto PSU backbone is performed via the “click”-chemistry approach. In a final step, the PFS-g
With the rapid progress in the development of new clinical biomarkers there is an unmet need of fast and sensitive multiplex analysis methods for disease specific protein monitoring. Immunoaffinity extraction integrated with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis offers a route to rapid and sensitive protein analysis and potentially multiplex biomarker an
Using a spectral vegetation index (VI) is an efficient approach for monitoring plant phenology from remotely-sensed data. However, the quantitative biophysical meaning of most VIs is still unclear, and, particularly at high northern latitudes characterized by low green biomass renewal rate and snow-affected VI signals, it is difficult to use them for tracking seasonal vegetation growth and retriev
We present a comparison of two-dimensional separation methods and how they affect the degree of coverage of protein expression in complex mixtures. We investigated the relative merits of various protein and peptide separations prior to acidic reversed-phase chromatography directly coupled to an ion trap mass spectrometer. The first dimensions investigated were density gradient organelle fractionat
A new generation of molecularly imprinted macroporous hydrogels, so-called cryogels, were prepared for depletion of hemoglobin from human blood. Hb-PHEMAH cryogels were prepared with gel fraction yields up to 90%, and its morphology and porosity were characterized by FTIR, SEM, swelling studies, flow dynamics and surface area measurements. Selective binding experiments were performed in the presen
4-α-Glucanotransferase (GTase) enzymes (EC 2.4.1.25) modulate the size of α-glucans by cleaving and reforming α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in α-glucans, an essential process in starch and glycogen metabolism in plants and microorganisms. The glycoside hydrolase family 57 enzyme (GTase57) studied in the current work catalyzes both disproportionation and cyclization reactions. Amylose was converted into c
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency in physical pretreatment processes of source-separated solid organic household waste. The investigation of seventeen Swedish full-scale pretreatment facilities, currently receiving separately collected food waste from household for subsequent anaerobic digestion, shows that problems with the quality of produced biomass and high mainten
P>Lyme borreliosis, caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies complex, is the most commonly reported tick-borne infection in Europe and North America. The non-specific nature of many of its clinical manifestations presents a diagnostic challenge and concise case definitions are essential for its satisfactory management. Lyme borreliosis is very similar in Europe and North Amer
Abstract in UndeterminedThis article aims to provide a historical perspective to the emergence of trust-based control systems in the workplace. These systems are often seen as a response to increasedflexibility requirements following the progress of digital technology, globalisationand an increased knowledge content in production. In contrary to this opinion, itis argued in the article that the ph
Active Brownian particles (ABPs), when subject to purely repulsive interactions, are known to undergo activity-induced phase separation broadly resembling an equilibrium (attraction-induced) gas-liquid coexistence. Here we present an accurate continuum theory for the dynamics of phase-separating ABPs, derived by direct coarse-graining, capturing leading-order density gradient terms alongside an ef
