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Plant biologists have long recognized that host defence against parasites and pathogens can be divided into two conceptually different components: the ability to limit parasite burden (resistance) and the ability to limit the harm caused by a given burden (tolerance). Together these two components determine how well a host is protected against the effects of parasitism. This distinction is useful

The fact that men and women are living longer than they have ever done before is something in which we can all rejoice. However, the process of ageing is associated with changes in skeletal, muscular, gastrointestinal, neural hormonal and metabolic processes that seriously affect an individual's performance and quality of life. Indeed, Such changes can be contributory to a loss of independence in

Many species in the animal kingdom are characterized by alternative mating tactics (AMTs) within a sex. In males, such tactics include mate guarding versus sneaking behaviours, or territorial versus female mimicry. Although AMTs can occur in either sex, they have been most commonly described in males. This sex bias may, in part, reflect the increased opportunity for sexual selection that typically

This article uses conceptual metaphor theory to develop the concept of ‘skeumorphs’ (reuse of old concepts for new phenomena) in order to analyse the Swedish The Pirate Bay court case. In line with conceptual metaphor theory, which states that abstract thinking is largely metaphorical, the article argues that this is true also for digital phenomena that, thus, are largely understood through metaph

Background. The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and prevalence of obesity are increasing globally. A suggested positive association between obesity and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma has prompted us to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of malignant lymphoma subtypes in a population-based case-control study. Methods: Telephone interviews were conducted with 3055 ca

Intracellular membrane fusion is coordinated by membrane-anchored fusion proteins. The cytosolic domains of these proteins form a specific complex that pulls the membranes into close proximity. Although some results indicate that membrane merger can be accomplished solely on the basis of proximity, others emphasize the importance of bilayer stress exerted by transmembrane peptides. In a reductioni

Psoriasis is a complex genetic disease of unresolved pathogenesis with both heritable and environmental factors contributing to onset and severity. In addition to a disfiguring skin inflammation, approximately 10-40% of psoriasis patients suffer from destructive joint involvement. Previously, we reported that the CD18 hypomorphic PL/J mouse carrying a mutation resulting in reduced expression of th

User-centred design approaches within the field of furniture design for old people involves an act of embracing and balancing various end-user needs and assessing their relative importance for the product experience. It is often assumed that older people’s physiological needs dominate their other needs. In the present study, three focus group interviews were carried out with the exploratory purpos

Föreliggande studie har undersökt implementering av terapeuters erhållna kunskaper efter att ha genomgått vidareutbildning i biologisk traumabehandling, som är en utbildning för behandling av trauma med utgångspunkt i kroppen. Två frågeställningar har studerats: 1) Vilket kunskapsinnehåll och vilka kunskapsformer står i fokus när terapeuterna reflekterar över sin praktik i biologisk traumabehandliThe purpose of this study is to examine the implementation of knowledge acquired by therapists after having taking part in a further education course of biological trauma treatment, which aimed at using the body as a starting point for trauma treatment. Two issues have been studied: 1)What content of knowledge and what forms of knowledge have the therapists reflected about in their practice of bio

Issue: Does a statistical relationship between OMXS30 and S&P500 plus OMXS30 and DAX30 exist after extreme returns? Is it possible to explain the relationship between OMXS30 and S&P500 plus S&P500 and DAX30 with the chosen economic theories? Purpose: The purpose is to examine the effects on OMXS30 during 6 days after extreme returns on S&P500 or DAX30 are present. These effects wi

Neutralitetskonceptet växte fram under en tid då konflikter mellan länder fortfarande var en regional angelägenhet. Idag har kollektiva säkerhetssystemet i FN-stadgan konverterat dessa konflikter till en global angelägenhet. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka korrelationen mellan neutralitetslagstiftningen och FN-stadgan och hur detta påverkar neutrala stater inom FN. Frågeställningen är i viThe concept of neutrality emerged at a time when conflicts between states were still regional matters. Today the system of collective security within the UN Charter has converted these conflicts into a global issue. The purpose of this essay is to examine the correlation between the law of neutrality and the Charter of the United Nations and how this affects the neutral member states of the Unit

ABSTRACT Key words: Axiology, Value of Exchange, Blue Ocean Strategy, Docking Equipment, Key Value Factor, Value Co-Creation, The STACC Value Model Issue of Study: In a typical red ocean - an industry with shrinking margins, overcapacity and decreasing demand - Crawford Solutions has the ambition to become what they call a solution provider. The question arises whether there is a potential for val