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The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutants fch2 and clo-f2 comprise an allelic group of 14 Chl b-deficient lines. The genetic map position of fch2 corresponds to the physical map position of the gene encoding chlorophyllide a oxygenase. This enzyme converts chlorophyllide a to chlorophyllide b and it is essential for Chl b biosynthesis. The fch2 and clo-f2 barley lines were shown to be mutated in the
Aims Biogeographical evidence suggests a strong link between climate and patterns of species diversity, and climate change is known to cause range shifts. However, there is little understanding of how shifts affect community composition and we lack empirical evidence of recent impacts of climate change on the diversity of vertebrates. Using a long-term comprehensive dataset on bird abundance, we e
Lake sediments from the Magherus, Valley in the lowlands of northern Transylvania provide new evidence of paleoenvironmental development in Romania during the Late Glacial. The studied sediments were deposited as a result of the damming of a small river valley following a series of mass wasting events that occurred during the deglaciation period. A continuous sedimentary sequence belonging to the
Immunotherapy with intratumoral injection of adenoviral vectors expressing CD40L has yielded positive results in experimental and clinical bladder cancer. We therefore hypothesized that anti-CD40 antibody would be effective in this setting. Agonistic CD40 antibodies were developed as vaccine adjuvants but have later been used as treatment of advanced solid tumors and hematologic cancers. Systemic
Popular Abstract in Swedish Forskning om stamceller har fått mycket uppmärksamhet de senaste åren. Mycket av intresset avspeglar möjligheten att använda denna typ av celler som en terapi för att bota olika sjukdomar. En stam cell från hjärnan är en cell som har förmåga att dela sig symmetriskt, varvid två kopior bildas eller asymmetriskt, vilket ger upphov till en ny stam cell samt en progenitorceIn the present thesis, we have examined the in vivo properties of in vitro expanded human and rat neural stem-and progenitor cells after transplantation into the neonatal and adult rat brain. The survival and differentiation of the grafted cells were assessed using species-specific antisera, and pre-labelling with the reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP). Long-term growth factor-expanded
Popular Abstract in Swedish Balansen mellan våra energibehov och den energi som konsumeras är ej längre i jämvikt. Därför är jakten på alternativa energikällor nödvändig. Hållbara energikällor erbjuder ett bra alternativ till fossilbränslen. Bland många typer av hållbara energikällor erbjuder solenergi möjligheten för mer energi än dagens konsumtion. Solceller är de smarta verktyg som omvandlar ljThe balance between our demands of energy and the energy we are consuming is not in equilibrium anymore. Therefore, the search for other energy resources is indispensable. Sustainable energy sources offer the alternative to the fossil fuels. Within many types of sustainable energy sources, solar energy offers more than the total global energy consumption. Solar cells are the smart conversion tools
Popular Abstract in Swedish Inflammatoriska ledsjukdomar, innefattande bl.a. ledgångsreumatism, reumatoid artrit, och ledinflammation vid psoriasis, psoriasisartrit, är vanliga. I västvärlden lider cirka 1 procent av den vuxna befolkningen av reumatoid artrit (RA) medan psoriasisartrit (PsoA) är mindre vanlig. Ett kännetecken för dessa sjukdomar är att de medför en risk att ledernas vävnader brytsThe pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritides include synovial inflammation and joint tissue destruction. Tissue destruction has traditionally been regarded a consequence of inflammation, but recent observations indicate that the processes are not always closely linked and may proceed uncoupled. The ultimate target organs for the destructive process are articular cartilage and bone. This thesis f
In the present thesis molecular genetic methods were used to address different biological and clinical aspects of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive leukemias and the BCR and ABL genes. In the first study, children with Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were found to have essentially the same breakpoint locations in BCR as adults, a pattern which differs from the one seen in Ph-positiv
Popular Abstract in Swedish Pyrimidiner är DNA-byggstenar som är essentiella för cellens överlevnad och delning. I mänskliga celler finns pyrimidiner att tillgå antingen genom återupptag eller genom biosyntes (nysyntes). Biosyntesen av pyrimidiner sker i flera steg och i ett av dem spelar enzymet Dihydroorotat dehydrogenas (DHODH) en avgörande roll genom att katalysera en oxidationsreaktion. När cIn the first part of the PhD work, small chemical entities (fragments) found to inhibit human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), were chemically optimized. As part of an ample program at Active Biotech to find new drugs against autoimmune diseases, expanded fragments were repeatedly designed, synthesized and evaluated in a human DHODH assay. Potent inhibitors were identified within three classe
Popular Abstract in Swedish Atmosfäriskt nedfall är den största källan till miljögiftet PCB i sötvatten. I flertalet vattendrag, exempelvis Emån, fungererar också sediment som en källa. Ett pappersbruk i anslutning till Emån hade använt returpapper som innehöll PCB som råvara. PCB följde med utsläppen till ån och lagrades in i sedimenten. Miljögiftet läckte sedan ut långsamt till vattnet. Största Atmospheric deposition is one source of persistent pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in aquatic environments. Other point sources can also contribute to the PCB loadings in the water. In the Emån River, in southeast Sweden, contaminated sediment was a source of PCB, the largest deposits of it being found in a small lake connected with the river, Lake Järnsjön, the sediment of it c
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vi har studerat hur man kan använda immunsystemet för att behandla råttor med hjärntumör (maligna gliom). Eftersom råttor väldigt sällan utvecklar hjärntumörer, så måste vi injicera tumörceller i hjärnan själva. Om djuren inte får någon behandling dör de vanligen inom ca. 24 dagar. Får de däremot en injektion i buken eller under huden på benet med genmanipulerade tumörcMalignant glioma is, with rare exceptions in younger adults, an uncurable brain tumor, as very few survive more than 1-2 years after diagnosis. Despite advances in recent years, current treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy only prolongs the life of the patients. Because of the poor prognosis, several additional therapies have been investigated and are under development, such a
BACKGROUND: Community studies have documented prevalence rates of psychological disorders among older individuals. Further, a growing number of studies have examined depression in older medical patients. However, little is known about the prevalence of a broad range of psychological disorders and psychosocial stressors among older primary care patients. The purpose of the present study was to char
Background Exposure to inorganic arsenic increases the risk of cancer and non-malignant diseases. Inefficient arsenic metabolism is a marker for susceptibility to arsenic toxicity. Arsenic may alter gene expression, possibly by altering DNA methylation. Objectives To elucidate the associations between arsenic exposure, gene expression, and DNA methylation in peripheral blood, and the modifying eff
BACKGROUND: Aggregate and risk-stratified perioperative mortality rates (POMR) are well-documented in high-income countries where surgical databases are common. In many low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, such data are unavailable, compromising efforts to understand and improve surgical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine how POMR is used and defined in LMICs
We used PCR and DNA sequencing to screen for haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) in 2,488 individual birds from 104 species and 22 families, primarily understory suboscine passerines, captured in a lowland Amazonian forest in Ecuador as a first major step to understanding the transmission dynamics of this cosmopolitan group of parasites in this region. To assess diversity of avi
Little is known about c-type cytochromosomes in Gram-positive bacteria in contrast to the wealth of information available on this type of cytochrome in Gram-negative bacteria and in eucaryotes. In the present work, the strictly aerobic bacterium Bacillus subtilis was analyzed for subcellular localization and number of different cytochromes c. In vivo labeling with radioactive 5-aminolevulinic acid
Objectives: Dysglycemia and glycemic variability are associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Targeted temperature management alters blood glucose homeostasis. We investigated the association between blood glucose concentrations and glycemic variability and the neurologic outcomes of patients randomized to targeted temperature management at 33°C or 36°C after cardiac arrest. Desig
OBJECTIVE: Identification of the causal mutation in an African-American family with adult-onset primary dystonia. BACKGROUND: The vast majority of patients with dystonia are adults with primary focal or segmental anatomical distributions. Familial and sporadic dystonia appear to share the same genetic etiological background. Although approximately 10% of probands have at least one first- or second
