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I början av 2020 kom Världshälsoorganisationen att tillkännage coronavirusets utbrott som en global nödsituation. Viruset kom sedan att utvecklas till en pandemi och kom att påverka många globala marknader. Bostadsmarknaden har sett en kraftig uppgång i många länder efter den initiala epidemin. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka effekterna av COVID-19, och efterföljande åtgärder som togs, på The global emergency declared by the World Health Organization in early 2020 due to the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 would later develop into a pandemic that has since affected global markets at large. Though its affects have been varied in nature and magnitude, housing markets in many countries have seen a boom since the initial outbreak. This paper seeks to assess how COVID-19, and the domestic measur

Popular Abstract in Swedish Njurarnas huvudsakliga funktion i kroppen är att rena blodet från slaggprodukter och reglera vätskebalansen. Hos patienter med nedsatt njurfunktion måste blodet renas på alternativa sätt. Antingen leds blodet ut via slangar till en maskin som renar blodet (hemodialys), eller används bukdialys, så kallad peritoneal dialys (PD). Vid PD häller patienten dialysvätska i bukhIn the present thesis, the quantitative role of active transport (transcytosis) in bulk transvascular protein movement in vivo was evaluated. Using chemical transcytosis inhibition (N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and filipin), we were able to show that NEM actually increases endothelial permeability to macromolecules, probably as a result of unspecific toxic action on endothelial cells. Filipin, on the ot

In 2018, the Swedish Supreme Administrative Court decided in a case. The decision of the court, came to change the scope of the exemption for medical care in Sweden. The court ruled that the hiring out of medical care staff is to be regarded as a taxable service and not exempted from VAT. This interpretation has raised many questions and opinions. One of them is the compatibility of the interpreta

Over the past decade, the transition to a circular economy has gained attention as a necessary step towards sustainable development. In contrast to the linear economy that is rooted in a ‘take-make-dispose’ mentality, the circular economy aims to decouple economic growth from unsustainable use of non-renewable resources by closing the material loops in the economy. While the EU recognizes that na

Lipases are the main fat digestive enzymes present in the digestive system of many animals, microorganisms and plants. Probiotic microorganisms that can possibly produce enzymes are of crucial importance since it can have an effect on human health. Two of the main probiotic strains are Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Biffidobacterium longum, in each there was a putative lipase encoded on the DNA and t

The end of the Cold War altered the international landscape. New insecurities, vast humanitarian crises, extended normative frameworks, and increased funding incited established and new international NGOs to expand their engagement in peace processes. In Nepal a failed democratization process during the 1990s regressed into a decade-long internal armed conflict. Today Nepal is undergoing a transit

With significant changes expected in the earth's global climate over the next century, due to global warming, and its resulting changes in the frequency and amount of precipitation, there has been growing concerns on climate change impacts on water resources. Especially concerned to water managers and governments is the potential impacts on groundwater aquifers since they are the main availabl

Rapid urbanization in Guangdong Province has severely impacted river systems due to limited understanding of the sustainability of river connectivity and functions. This study applies the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model (MCRM) to quantify expansion costs of natural and social processes, with their difference defined as the River Ecological Sensitivity (RES) index. Higher RES values indicate th

In recent years, application of ensemble models has been increased tremendously in various types of natural hazard assessment such as landslides and floods. However, application of this kind of robust models in groundwater potential mapping is relatively new. This study applied four data mining algorithms including AdaBoost, Bagging, generalized additive model (GAM), and Naive Bayes (NB) models to

Wildfires are a natural disturbance shaping boreal forests, but their effects on soil microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling remain unclear, particularly in Fennoscandia. We investigated the impact of fire severity and post-fire management on the soil microbial community two years after a boreal wildfire in Sweden. We quantified growth rates of bacteria, saprotrophic fungi (SF), ectomyco

The Siljan-Orsasjön Basin in south-central Sweden hosts two prominent lakes. A 100 m deep channel extends approximately 52 km across the basin but does not form a continuous connection between the lakes today. Geophysical mapping, including multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiling, revealed several landslide areas associated with the steep slopes of this channel and redistributed mass-wasted

The ongoing development of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) global methane (CH4) budget shows a continuation of increasing CH4 emissions and CH4 accumulation in the atmosphere during 2000–2017. Here, we decompose the global budget into 19 regions (18 land and 1 oceanic) and five key source sectors to spatially attribute the observed global trends. A comparison of top-down (TD) (atmospheric and tran

Mechanical break-up in ice-ice collisions observed in the laboratory can lead to explosive ice multiplication. The possibility is examined in detail by constructing an idealized analytical single-point (zero-dimension) model assuming spatial homogeneity within a cloud. The rate of generation of primary ice is fixed at a constant value over time, corresponding to a situation in which the relative h

Basal ecosystem respiration rate (BR), the ecosystem respiration rate at a given temperature, is a common and important parameter in empirical models for quantifying ecosystem respiration (ER) globally. Numerous studies have indicated that BR varies in space. However, many empirical ER models still use a global constant BR largely due to the lack of a functional description for BR. In this study,

Background We aimed to estimate lifetime cumulative risk of thyroid cancer (CRTC) in first-degree relatives of patients with non-medullary thyroid cancers (NMTC), including papillary (PTC)/follicular/oxyphilic/anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, by histology and age at diagnosis in patients and their relatives. Design A population-based cohort of 63 495 first-degree relatives of 11 206 NMTC patients dia

Background. In SBRT of lung tumours no established relationship between dose-volume parameters and the incidence of lung toxicity is found. The aim of this study is to compare the LQ model and the universal survival curve (USC) to calculate biologically equivalent doses in SBRT to see if this will improve knowledge on this relationship. Material and methods. Toxicity data on radiation pneumonitis

Background: The relationship between smoking and an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases is well known. Whether smokeless tobacco (snuff) is related to myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke is still controversial. Aim of this study was to explore whether snuff users have an increased incidence of MI or stroke. Methods: A total of 16 754 women and 10 473 men (aged 45-73 years), without his